ANNUAL   REPORTS   OF  THE 

GETTYSBURG 

NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION 

TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF 


1893-1904 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT   PRINTING  OFFICE 

1905 


SECRETARIES   OF   WAR 

HON.  DANIEL  8.  LAMONT 
HON.  RUSSELL  A.  ALGER 
HON.  ELIHU  ROOT 
HON.  WILLIAM  H.  TAFT 


Hon.  ROBERT  SHAW  OLIVER 

Assistant  Secretary  of  War 


GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK  COMMISSION 

Lieut.  Col.  JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON,  Chairman. 

Appointed  May  25,  1893. 
Major  WILLIAM  M.  ROBBINS. 

Appointed  March  13,  1894. 
Major  CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON. 

Appointed  April  25,  1895. 
JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  Esq. 

Appointed  May  25,  1893. 

Died  December  22,  1894. 
Brig.  Gen.  W.  H.  FORNEY. 

Appointed  May  25,  1893. 

Died  January  16,  1894. 
Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  COPE,  Engineer. 
Mr.  S.  AUGUSTINE  HAMMOND,  Assistant  Engineer. 
Mr.  H.  W.  MATTERN,  Assistant  Engineer  and  Draftsman. 

Resigned,  October  1,  1903. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1893, 


GETTYSBURG,  PA.  ,  November  16,  1893. 

SiR:  The  commission  was  appointed  May  1*5,  1893,  by  Secretary  of 
War  Daniel  S.  Lamont,  and  consisted  of  Lieut.  Col.  John  P.  Nichol- 
son, John  B.  Bachelder,  esq.,  and  Brig.  Gen.  W.  II.  Forney. 

The  letter  of  instruction  for  the  guidance  of  the  commission  was 
dated  May  29,  1893,  and  the  board  assembled  for  organization  May 
31,  1S93.     Present,  Colonel  Nicholson  and  Mr.  Bachelder.     General' 
Forney  absent,  detained  by  sickness  at  his  home. 

Upon  organization  the  commission  found  important  lines  of  battle 
occupied  by  an  electric  railway,  the  construction  of  which  had  begun 
early  in  April,  1893.  After  inspecting  the  road  and  the  land  over 
which  it  was  constructed,  on  July  1  the  full  board  assembled  and 
selected  Col.  E.  B.  Cope  as  topographical  engineer.  He  was  appointed 
and  the  assistants  selected,  a  room  for  the  commission  rented  at  Get- 
tysburg, and  the  survey  of  the  field  was  at  once  commenced  and  has 
been  daily  continued. 

The  first  work  was  to  establish  a  meridian,  which  in  all  the  surveys 
since  the  war  had  never  been  done.  The  datum  point  of  reference 
was  the  center  of  the  square  i  n  the  town  of  Gettysburg,  and  a  meridian 
line  was  established  on  the  high  ground  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield 
Memorial  Association,  near  Hancock  avenue. 

The  north  point  of  this  line  is  near  the  monument  of  the  One. hun- 
dred and  twenty-sixth  New  York  Infantry,  and  the  south  point  near 
the  line  of  the  Benner  property.  The  line  was  subsequent^  extended 
south  to  the  Tenth  New  York  Infantry  Monument. 

The  location  of  the  town  of  Gettysburg,  geographically,  has  been 
determined  to  be  latitude  39°  49'  15"  and  longitude  from  Washington 
QO  j_j_,  Q//  west.  tne  altitude  above  tide  water  at  the  Center  Square, 
550  feet. 

Using  this  meridian  as  a  base  of  operations,  there  has  been  run 
many  miles  of  back-sight  transit  lines  on  various  parts  of  the  field. 

The  commissioners  completed  the  examination  of  the  Seminary 
Ridge  line  on  August  3,  from  the  Blocher  property,  on  the  Hagers- 
lown  road;  south  to  and  be}rond  the  McMillan  Woods,  and  decided  to 
survey  a  preliminary  line  at  once.  The  line  begins  at  the  Blocher 
Building  and  runs  south  to  the  Emmitsburg  road  at  the  James  Felix 
property  and  traverses  the  line  that  was  taken  up  and  occupied  by  the 
Confederate  army  during  the  greater  part  of  the  second  and  third 
days'  battle  and  affords  a  view  of  the  entire  line  from  the  cemetery  to 
Round  Top.  It  has  since  been  surveyed  and  extended  to  the  Ridge 
road,  4,500  feet  south. 

Upon  this  avenue,  and  in  rear  of  it,  there  remain  many  traces  of 
the  Confederate  breastworks,  and  in  all  cases  where  stone  walls  were 

7 


>  GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

remaining  that  were  known  to  have  been  used  for  defensive  purposes, 
they  were  included  within  the  avenue. 

At  the  north  side  of  this  avenue  is  a  piece  of  timber  containing 
about  4  acres,  where  the  Confederate  artillery  was  posted,  which  is 
included  in  the  survey;  also  the  Spangler  Woods,  in  which  are  remains 
of  breastworks,  containing  about  25  acres,  situated  near  the  middle 
of  the  avenue,  was  surveyed  and  computed.  All  the  work  was  con- 
nected with  the  meridian  by  the  Emraitsburg  road. 

On  August  14  a  Confederate  avenue  was  surveyed,  which  was  tem- 
porarily named  the  "Outside  Wheatfield  avenue,"  beginning  at  the 
Emmitaburg  road,  800  feet  southwest  of  the  crossroads  at  the  Peach 
Orchard,  running  easterly  to  the  lands  of  the  Memorial  Association, 
thence  in  a  southeasterly  direction  by  the  lands  of  the  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation, and  terminating  on  a  west  line  of  the  Crawford  tract,  near 
Devil's  Den. 

On  August  16  and  17  the  Crawford  tract  was  surveyed  and  found 
to  contain  about  47  acres,  which  was  mapped  in  connection  with  the 
Tipton  property  and  lands  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

On  August  18  a  transit  line  was  run  from  the  Emmitfibnrg  road  on 
the  crossroad  to  II.  Spangler's  woods,  and  thence  to  the  Seminary 
Ridge  line. 

On  August  22  and  23  the  survey  was  made  on  the  line  of  the  Memo- 
rial Association  on  Little  Round  Top,  and  also  on  the  boundary  lines 
of  the  Tipton  property,  included  between  the  said  association  prop- 
erty and  the  Crawford  tract. 

On  August  24  the  lines  of  the  Pfeffer,  Benner,  and  Codori  proper- 
ties were  surveyed.  This  survey  was  completed  September  10. 

On  September  11  survey  was  made  of  a  lot  of  ground  belonging  to 
Charles  Starner  on  the  Seminary  Ridge  avenue  line,  with  a  view  to 
purchase  the  property. 

On  the  12th  and  13th  the  properties  of  James  Felix,  at  the  end  of 
the  avenue  on  the  Emmitsburg  road,  was  surveyed  and  also  the  lines 
on  the  properties  of  Mr.  Wolf  and  Mrs.  Plank.  These  properties 
are  connecting  on  the  avenue  line  and  reach  from  the  Wheatfield 
road  to  the  Emmitsburg  road. 

On  September  20  a  transit  line  was  made  at  the  intersection  of  Rey- 
nolds avenue  and  Chambersburg  street  in  Gettysburg,  which  was  con- 
tinued out  the  Chambersburg  pike  to  Willoughby  Run,  and  from  near 
this  point  two  avenues  were  run  on  the  east  side  of  the  stream,  ending 
at  the  Springs  Hotel  bridge.  The  other  one,  beginning  on  the  west 
side  of  the  bridge  and  following  the  right  bank  of  Willoughby  Run, 
terminates  in  a  public  road  that  leads  in  a  northwesterly  direction  to 
the  llerr  Tavern  road. 

On  Septeml)er  21  to  23  the  preliminary  line  for  another  avenue  was 
surveyed.  It  begins  at  a  point,  on  the  Chambersburg  pike  880  feet 
west  of  Willoughby  Run  bridge,  crossing  the  Springs  Hotel  property 
in  a  southerly  direction,  and  ends  at  the  Hagerstown  road.  This  line 
was  prolonged  several  miles  to  a  previously  located  connecting  point 
on  the  Seminary  Ridge  line. 

On  Septeml>er  25  commenced  a  transit  line  upon  Reynolds  and 
Buford  avenues  to  the  line  of  timber  beyond  the  Mummasburg  road 
on  the  property  of  John  Forney.  Here  we  began  a  line  for  another 
avenue  in  an  easterly  general  direction  to  the  Carlisle  road;  thence 
continuing  through  property  of  the  Blocher  heirs  and  across  Rock 
Creek;  then  in  a  southeasterly  general  direction  to  the  Harrisburg 
road  at  the  J.  Benner  House,  continuing  the  line  in  the  same  general 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  9 

direction  across  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  and  York  pike  to 
the  summit  of  Benners  Ridge.  From  this  point  there  was  run  a  straight 
line  to  Benners  Hill,  and  there  the  survey  was  temporarily  suspended. 

On  September  28  began  a  careful  survey  of  the  field  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Springs  Hotel,  the  object  of  which  was  to  map  that  territory  to 
the  minutest  detail,  showing  also  all  the  projected  Confederate  ave- 
nues. The  survey  embraces  an  area  of  about  ]^  square  miles.  It  has 
been  carefully  mapped,  traced,  and  blue  printed.  This  survey  and 
the  office  work  necessary  to  complete  the  map  occupied  the  attention 
of  the  engineer  corps  until  October  10. 

On  October  11  there  was  run  a  line  from  the  point  in  the  center  of 
the  square  of  the  town  by  the  Hanover  road  to  a  point  connecting 
our  line  on  Benners  Hill,  and  also  triangulated  to  the  same  point  from 
East  Cemetery  Hill. 

The  engineer  corps  is  now  at  work  on  a  detailed  survey  of  East 
Cemetery  and  Gulps  Hill  and  the  ground  to  the  east  and  other  adjoin- 
ing lands. 

On  August  28  the  commissioners  addressed  a  proposition  to  the 
attorneys  representing  heirs  of  the  estate  of  General  Crawford  to 
purchase  the  land  known  as  the  Crawford  tract  for  $700.  The  prop- 
osition was  accepted  after  approval  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the 
deeds  are  now  being  executed. 

On  September  18  the  commissioners  purchased  from  Mr.  Charles 
Starner  5.26  acres  of  land,  at  $50  per  acre.  The  purchase  was  ratified 
by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  deed  is  now  being  executed. 

On  August  23  an  excursion  party  from  Winchester,  Va.,  many  of 
whom  (veterans  of  the  Stonewall  Brigade)  had  been  at  the  battle, 
visited  Gettysburg.  They  went  over  the  field  in  company  with  the 
commissioners  (Mr.  Bachelder  and  General  Forney  having  gone  to 
Hagerstown,  Md.,  to  meet  them)  and  marked  a  number  of  positions 
of  the  respective  commands  of  the  Confederate  army  on  Gulp's  Hill 
and  elsewhere,  and  returned  to  their  homes  in  the  evening.  They 
seemed  deeply  impressed  with  the  importance  of  this  work  and  enthu- 
siastic in  their  assurance  of  cooperation  from  the  Confederate  veterans. 

A  summary  of  the  field  work  of  the  engineer  corps  under  the 
direction  of  the  commission  shows  the  following : 

Twenty-seven  miles  of  public  roads  have  been  run  and  a  preliminary 
survey  of  20  miles  of  avenues  and  proposed  avenues  was  made,  and 
24  miles  of  property  lines.  As  the  work  of  constructing  the  avenues 
progresses  other  surveys  will  be  necessary.  The  work  has  been 
plotted  on  a  scale  of  1  inch  to  500  feet  and  reduced  to  one-half  that 
size.  Part  of  the  work  has  been  enlarged  to  1  inch  to  400  feet,  and 
also  1  inch  to  200  feet,  which  is  the  scale  of  the  large  Warren  map,  12 
feet  square. 

A  large  portion  of  the  work  has  been  traced  and  blue  printed. 

The  commission  has  not  thought  it  wise  to  open  avenues  until  such 
limes  as  land  can  be  purchased  at  reasonable  prices.  This,  it  is 
believed,  may  be  accomplished  by  watching  the  opportunity  to  buy 
odd  lots  which  will  be  needed  in  open  market  at  popular  rates,  by 
which  plan  the  commission  will  not  only  secure  lands  desired,  but  a 
precedent  will  be  established  for  the  use  of  the  court  should  the 
necessity  for  condemnation  proceedings  arise. 

By  the  opening  of  spring  the  commission  will  be  in  condition  to 
commence  the  construction  of  avenues  and  the  locating  on  them  of 
tablets  marking  the  positions  of  troops. 

Various  communications,  copies  of   which  were  promptly  trans- 


10       GP:TTYSBURO  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK  COMMISSION. 

mitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  passed  between  the  commissioners 
and  the  president  of  the  electric  railway,  Mr.  Hoffer.  The  position 
assumed  by  the  commission,  under  the  guidance  of  the  Secretary 
of  War,  resulted  in  a  suspension  of  the  work  upon  the  electric  road 
at  the  parts  the  occupation  of  which  had  been  objected  to  by  the 
representatives  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  While  all  has  not  been 
accomplished  that  the  commissioners  desired  in  this  connection,  they 
feel  justified  in  expressing  the  opinion  that  the  road  will  eventually 
be  removed  from  historic  localities,' at  a  small  expense  to  the  Govern- 
ment. 

The  hearty  sympathy  and  cooperation  of  the  Secretary  of  War  in  the 
efforts  of  the  commission  to  remove  the  electric  road  from  the  occu- 
pation of  the  prominent  parts  of  the  battlefield  has  been  a  source  of 
great  satisfaction,  and  the  board  can  not  refrain  from  the  mention  of 
this  fact. 

The  work  of  the  commission  has  been  hampered  by  the  expecta- 
tions of  numerous  people  representing  various  interests,  in  their 
demands  for  high  prices  for  land.  Thus  far  their  efforts  have  been 
unsuccessful,  as  shown  by  this  report. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

For  the  purpose  of  purchasing  lands  for  avenues  and  marking  the 
positions  of  troops  embraced  by  the  recent  surveys,  for  the  construc- 
t  ion  and  fencing  of  the  avenues,  and  for  the  manufacture  of  tablets 
and  other  markers  to  mark  the  positions  of  troops  it  is  recommended 
that  a  sum  not  less  than  $50,000  be  appropriated. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
JOHN  B.  BACHELDER, 
W.  H.  FORNEY, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


BLUE    PRINTS   ACCOMPANYING    RKPORt. 

1.— Crawford  property. 

2.— Pf offer,  Codori,  Benner,  and  adjoining  properties'. 
8. — Starner  property. 
4. —  Felix  property. 
5.  —Plank  property. 
H.—  Hancock  avenue,  etc. 
7.— Springs  Hotel  property,  etc. 
8. — Codori  property  (part  of). 
9. — Pfeffer  property. 
10.- -Benner  property. 

1 1.— Memorial  Association  property  (part  of). 
12.— Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  Company  (part  of). 

13. — A  map  of  the  vicinity  of  Gettysburg,  snowing  the  work  of  the  engineer 
corps  of  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Commission  from  July  20  to 
November  1,  1893. 

14.— Map  showing  the  avenues  secured,  upon  which  are  located  the  brigades  of 
infantry  and  battalions  of  artillery  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  1894 


11 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1894, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  BATTLEFIELD  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa. ,  November  12,  1894. 

SIR:  The  commission  have  the  honor  to  submit  their  second  an- 
nual report  from  October,  1893,  to  November  12,  1894.  The  blue 
prints  taken  from  maps  of  original  work  projected  by  this  commis- 
sion, surveyed  and  completed  and  which  are*numerous,  will  be  bound 
together  and  transmitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

It  is  the  policy  of  the  commission  to  make  the  report  one  of  prog- 
ress. 

From  the  date  of  the  last  report  field  work  was  continued  until  the 
beginning  of  snow,  and  also  at  intervals  through  the  winter.  Active 
operations  in-the  field  were  resumed  in  March  and  have  been  con- 
tinued to  this  date. 

The  work  of  the  engineer  department  of  the  commission  has  been 
pel-formed  with  great  fidelity  under  the  guidance  of  Bvt.  Lieut. 
Col.  E.  B.  Cope  and  Mr.  S.  A.  Hammond,  his  able  assistant,  and  in- 
cludes a  large  amount  of  surveying  and  mapping  of  tracts  of  land 
for  avenues,  laying  out,  leveling,  cross-sectioning,  preparing  maps 
and  specifications  of  the  avenues  proposed  and  projected  and  sections 
of  avenues  for  the  use  of  contractors. 

Attention  has  been  given  to  surveys  to  harmonize  conflicting  prop- 
erty lines  where  the  property  bounded  by  one  or  more  of  such  lines 
was  about  to  be  purchased  for  the  United  States;  also  careful  sur- 
veys and  maps  of  the  present  loop  of  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Rail- 
road have  been  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  Government. 

A  scheme  for  the  complete  and  exhaustive  topographical  study  of 
the  field  was  begun  last  year  and  has  been  kept  in  view  and  con- 
tinued whenever  time  and  opportunity  afforded,  as  follows:  To  make 
an  accurate  and  complete  instrumental  survey  of  the  entire  battle- 
field, and  to  make  it  on  a  scale  of  200  feet  to  the  inch,  consisting  of 
25  sheets,  27  by  28£  inches,  each  representing  a  square  of  the  field 
5,400  feet  wide  east  and  west  and  5,660  feet  north  and  south. 

This  map  is  intended  to  show  the  streams,  roads,  buildings  of  every 
description,  monuments  and  markers,  avenues,  timber,  earthworks, 
stone  walls,  fence  lines,  and  rocks;  all  the  undulations  will  be  shown 
by  contour  lines  for  every  4  feet  difference  of  level.  Much  of  this  work 
actually  done  will  appear  by  implication.  Surveys  have  already  been 
finished  for  three  sheets.  The  proper  mapping  of  the  balance  of  the 
field  work  will  engage  the  attention  of  the  corps  during  the  inclement 
winter  weather.  The  office  has  also  included  besides  original  work 
16175—05 2  13 


14          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

copies  of  the  large  Warren  map.  During  the  past  year  a  number  of 
positions  of  troops  have  been  marked  by  visitors  to  the  field  who  were 
soldiers  and  took  part  in  the  battle,  and  where  these  positions  were 
reliable  they  were  located  upon  our  base  map. 

On  August  11  General  Lewis,  Colonel  Tate,  and  Colonel  Keenan,  of 
North  Carolina,  visited  the  battlefield  and  located  the  position  of 
many  of  the  North  Carolina  troops.  Gen.  H.  Heth,  late  of  the  Con- 
federate States  Army  and  of  the  Antietam  Battlefield  Commission, 
visited  the  field  and  located  the  position  of  the  two  batteries  of  his 
command  from  which  the  first  shots  were  fired  and  that  opened  the 
battle  upon  the  Confederate  line. 

On  October  30  a  committee  of  the  Seventh  West  Virginia  Infantry 
located  their  battle  line  on  the  Pfeffer  property,  near  Ziegler's  Grove. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  board  of  commissioners  to  address  a  com 
munication  to  the  governor  of  all  the  States,  requesting  them  to  name 
representatives  of  the  organizations  that  were  present,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  locating  every  movement  made  by  troops  during  the  battle. 

One  principal  Confederate  avenue  has  been  decided  upon.  It  reaches 
from  the  Ilagerstown  road  to  a  point  2,470  feet  beyond  the  Emmits- 
burg  road,  upon  the  ridge  occupied  by  the  main  line  of  the  Confeder- 
ate army  during  the  2d  and  3d  of  July,  1863.  It  has  been  divided 
into  five  sections.  Section  4  is  under  contract  and  will  be  completed 
this  early  winter.  Section  5  is  also  under  contract. 

It  was  found  from  the  surveys  made  that  an  avenue  500  feet  wide 
would  include  all  the  Confederate  earthworks  from  the  Ilagerslown 
road  to  the  Codori  line,  a  distance  of  3,500  feet.  From  this  line  south 
to  the  Wheatfield  road  an  avenue  150  feet  wide  would  embrace  the 
principal  works,  except  those  that  were  located  in  Spanglers  Woods. 
This  part  of  '<Jie  avenue  would  be  9,931  feet  long,  and  the  avenue 
between  the  extreme  points  named  would  contain  74  acres  of  ground. 
A  calculation  of  the  area  of  the  avenue  for  different  widths  hei  ween 
the  extreme  points  is  as  follows: 

Acres. 

fiOfeet  wide,  13,341  feet  long...  . 18£ 

100  feet  wide,  13,:J41  feet  long...   ...31 

150  feet  wide,  i:3.:Ml  feet  long 4fri 

The  principal  avenue  has  been  divided  into  five  sections: 

Section  1,  from  Blocher's  house  to  the  Codori  line,  3,700  feet. 

Section  2,  from  Codori  line  to  Spanglers  Run,  3,700  feet. 

Section  3,  from  Spanglers  Run  to  Wheutfield  road,  4,800  feet. 

Section  4,  from  Wheatfield  road  to  Emmitsburg  road,  3,700  feet. 

Section  5,  from  Emmitsburg  road  to  present  end  of  avenue,  2,470 
feet. 

On  April  1 1  drawings  and  specifications  for  bids  on  section  4  of 
aveniu-  were  furnished  to  the  following  contractors:  L.  E.  Miller, 
(ape  Ma\.  N.  .} . ;  R.  W.  Johnson,  Wayne,  Pa.;  M.  &  T.  E.  Farrell, 
Westchester,  Pa.;  Pa-tricinus  McManus,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  James 
P.  Mangen,  Gettysburg,  Pa.;  B.  B.  Gonder,  Strausburg,  Pa.;  Pollard, 

Murtagh  A-  .M -e,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Ward  &  Strieker,  Ilarrislmrg, 

Pa.;  Hafer  Brothers,  Chambereburg,  Pa,;  Owen  Patterson,  Baltimore, 
Md.:  Slayer  &  Boyer,  Ilarrisburg,  Pa. 

From  the  13th  to  the  21st  of  April  a  majority  of  those  having 
received  specifications  for  section  4  of  the  avenue  visited  Gettysburg 
for  the  purpose  of  viewing  the  locality,  and  were  taken  over  the 
ground,  and  on  the  21st  five  bids  were  handed  in,  namely,  Slayer  & 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          15 

Boyer,  Harrisburg,  Pa. ;  B.  B.  Gonder,  Strausburg,  Pa. ;  Farrell  & 
Bro.,  Westchester.  Pa.;  Richard  W.  Johnson,  Wayne,  Pa.,  and  P. 
McManus,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

On  October  1  two  bids  were  received  for  the  construction  of  section 
5  of  avenue.  These  were  opened  on  the  3d  instant  and  considered  by 
the  commission. 

During  the  year  the  following  properties  have  been  purchased  by 
direction  of  the  Secretarjr  of  War:  The  Bushman  tract  or  farm,  the 
Crawford  tract,  the  Charles  Starner  tract,  the  Felix  tract,  the  Mrs. 
Plank  tract. 

The  Secretary  of  War  has  authorized  the  purchase  of  the  McMillan 
tract  and  the  Blocher  tract. 

All  efforts  to  induce  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  to  vacate  the 
lines  of  battle  in  what  is  known  as  the  Loop,  the  Devil's  Den,  and 
through  the  Valley  of  Death  having  failed,  the  commissioners 
requested  the  Secretary  of  War  to  proceed  to  condemn.  Proceed- 
ings were  commenced  in  the  United  States  circuit  court  at  Philadel- 
phia. After  various  delays,  on  June  8,  1894,  the  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States  directed  proceedings  to  be  commenced  against 
the  electric  railway  at  Gettysburg,  under  the  joint  resolution  of 
Congress. 

August  1,  1894,  the  first  hearing  before  the  jury  in  the  trolley  case 
was  postponed  at  the  request  of  the  electric  railroad  until  September 
11,  1894.  On  September  11,  1894,  there  was  a  second  hearing  before 
the  jury  at  Gettysburg,  and  which  was  continued  until  September  15, 
1894,  when  thej7  adjourned  for  argument  in  Philadelphia.  The  jury 
awarded  the  sum  of  $30,000  damages  to  the  electric  company.  Upon 
November  12  the  company  appealed  from  this  award  as  being  inade- 
quate, and  the  commission  will  appeal,  with  the  approval  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  upon  the  ground  that  the  damages  are  excessive  and 
detrimental  to  the  best  interests  of  the  United  States. 

On  January  16,  1894,  General  Forney  died  at  his  home,  Jackson- 
ville, Ala.  March,  1894,  Ma j .  William  M.  Robbins,  of  Statesville,  N.  C. , 
whose  service  upon  the  field  was  with  the  Fourth  Alabama  Infantry, 
was  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  the  death  of  General  Forney. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation a  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted,  authorizing  the  exec- 
utive committee  to  take  the  necessary  measures  to  transfer  the  prop- 
erty of  the  association  to  the  United  States. 

The  commission  respectfully  request  that  the  following  may  be  sub- 
mitted, with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  for  the  guidance 
of  the  Congress: 

For  continuing  the  work  of  surveying,  locating,  and  preserving  the 
lines  of  battle  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  and  for  purchasing,  opening,  con- 
structing, and  improving  avenues  along  the  portions  occupied  by  the 
various  commands  of  the  armies  of  the  Potomac  and  Northern  Vir- 
ginia on  that  field,  and  for  fencing  the  same;  and  for  the  purchase, 
at  private  sale  or  by  condemnation,. of  such  parcels  of  land  as  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  may  deem  necessary  for  the  sites  of  tablets,  and  for 
the  construction  of  the  said  avenues;  for  determining  the  leading 
tactical  positions  and  properly  marking  the  same  with  tablets  of  bat- 
teries, regiments,  brigades,  divisions,  corps,  and  other  organizations 
with  reference  to  the  study  and  correct  understanding  of  the  battle, 
each  tablet  bearing  a  brief  historical  legend,  compiled  without  praise 


16         GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

ami  without  eensure,  $50,000,  to  In-  expended  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to  accept,  on  behalf 
of  the  Tuited  Stale*. .  donations  of  land  for  road  or  oilier  purposes. 

On  XovenilxM-  :J,  18!»3,  the  field  was  visited  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
and  Mrs.  Lainont.  On  July  14  and  15,  1894,  and  apt  in  on  August  14, 
I.'),  and  16,  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  War,  Joseph  B.  Doe,  visited 
the  field.  The  great  interest  always  manifested  by  the  War  Depart- 
ment in  t  lie  work  of  preserving  the  great  battlefield  of  the  war  is 
extremely  gratifying  to  the  board. 
Respectfully, 

.loiix  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST   OF   BLUE   1'RINTS   ACCOMPANYING  THIS  REPORT. 

15.— The  Crawford  property. 

16. — The  Crawford  property. 

22.— New  map  of  the  field,  central  sheet. 

24. — Confederate  avenue. 

25. — Confederate  avenue,  section  4. 

26. — John  L.  Sherfy  tract. 

27. — William  Martin  tract. 

28.— Electric  railroad  tract. 

2».— J.  O.  Blocher  tract. 

30. — IsraeUGrenoble  tract. 

31. — Land  company  tract,  No.  1. 

32,— S.  J.  Drum  tract. 

33.— O.  D.  McMillan  tract. 

34.— Land  company  tract,  No.  2. 

35.— Barrett,  heirs,  tract.    _ 

36.— Electric  railroad  tract. 

37.— R.  E.  Wible  tract. 

38.— George  Wolf  tract. 

39.— John  L.  Sherfy  tract. 

40.— N.  Flaharty  tract. 

41.— W.  Martin  tract. 

42.— G.  Spangler  tract,  No.  1. 

43. — Land  company  tract.  No.  4. 

44.— G.  Spangler  tract,  No.  2. 

45.— S.  J.  Codori  tract. 

46. — Land  company  tract,  No.  :;. 

47. — Confederate  avenue,  section  5. 

48. — Plank  and  other  properties. 

50.— Positions  of  Confederate  artillery. 

51-— Positions  of  Confederate  artillery. 

53,     Electric  railroad  tract. 

52A.— Electric  railroad  tract. 

52B.— Electric  railroad  tract. 

53.— Electric;  railroad  loop. 

53 A.— Electric  railroad  loop. 

54.— A  tract  of  land  for  the  Buford  statue. 

•")•").— The  site  for  the  Reynolds  monument. 

56.— Property  lines  between  Starner,  Plank,  and  Wible, 

57.  —  Mrs.  J.  E.  Plank  tract. 

58.— Detail  drawings  of  gun  carriages. 

59.— Drawings  of  mounted  gun. 

60.— John  L.  Sherfy  tract. 

61.— Survey  of  the  Wible  farm. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  17 

62.  —James  Felix  tract. 

63. — George  Wolf  tract. 

64.— O.  D.  McMillan  tract. 

65.— S.  J.  Drum  tract. 

66. — New  map  of  the  field,  Peach  Orchard  sheet. 

67. — New  map  of  the  field,  Round  Top  sheet. 

LIST  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS   TO   ACCOMPANY  COMMISSIONERS'   REPORT. 

Laying  foundation  stone  on  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
Cross  section  foundation  pavement,  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
Putting  H-inch  stone  on  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
Section  4,  Confederate  avenue,  from  Etnmitsburg  road. 
Grading  section  5,  Confederate  avenue,  Emmitsburg  road. 
Grading  on  section  5,  Confederate  avenue. 


19 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1895, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT,  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK, 

'  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  25,  1895. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub- 
mit the  following  statement  of  the  progress  and  present  condition  of 
the  work: 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

At  the  date  when  our  report  as  the  Battlefield  Commission  was 
made  last  year  the  only  roadway  in  process  of  construction  was  sec- 
tion 4  of  the  Confederate  avenue,  from  the  Wheatfield  road  to  the 
Emmitsburg  road  along  Seminary  Ridge.  During  the  present  year 
there  have  been  constructed  sections  5,  6,  and  7  of  Confederate  ave- 
nue extending  south  from  the  Emmitsburg  road  to  the  southern  limits 
of  the  battlefield,  thence  eastward  crossing  Plum  Run,  and  up  along 
the  west  slope  of  Round  Top  to  Kilpatrick  avenue;  also  an  avenue 
known  as  United  States  avenue  from  the  Emmitsburg  road  eastward 
via  the  Trostle  House  to  Hancock  avenue.  There  is  now  being  con- 
structed what  is  known  as  Seminary  avenue,  running  south  from  the 
Chambersburg  pike  along  Seminary  Ridge  to  some  distance  beyond 
the  Hagerstown  road,  and  as  soon  as  the  right  of  way  can  be  secured 
this  avenue  will  be  extended  along  said  ridge  to  the  Wheatfield  road 
and  connect  with  section  4  of  Confederate  avenue,  long  since  com- 
pleted. Hancock  avenue,  which  runs  from  the  national  cemetery 
gate  southward  along  the  main  Union  line  of  battle  to  the  end  of 
United  States  avenue,  is  now  being  converted  into  a  Telford  road  25 
feet  wide,  with  two  side  loops  20  feet  wide  reaching  out  to  interesting 
localities. 

An  avenue  is  also  under  contract  running  from  the  Wheatfield  road 
south  on  the  border  of  the  Valley  of  Death  to  the  Devil's  Den,  and 
thence  around  and  following  the  line  of  battle  of  the  Third  Corps  to 
the  Crawford  land  line. 

All  these  avenues  have  been  and  are  being  constructed  on  the  Tel- 
ford  system,  which  was  adopted  after  full  consideration  and  study  of 
the  subject  as  promising  the  best  results  in  solidity  and  durability. 
The  stone  used  is  syenitic  granite  and  ironstone,  very  hard  and  of  excel- 
lent quality.  A  foundation  pavement  is  laid  of  8-inch  wedgelike  stones 
set  on  edge  and  well  knapped  and  chinked;  on  this  4  inches  of  stone 
1£  inches  in  size;  then  a  slight  layer  of  clay  as  a  binder,  and  finally  a 
top  dressing  of  1  or  2  inches  of  quarter-inch  stone  screenings;  the 
whole  rolled  thoroughly  with  a  steam  roller  weighing  14  tons;  side  and 
under  drains  are  placed  where  needed.  The  results  of  the  above 
method  and  process  are  roadways  smooth  and  solid  and  which  will 
last  for  generations. 

21 


22          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

BRIDGES. 

Two  bridges  have  been  built  over  Plum  Run,  one  on  United  States 
avenue,  the  other  on  section  7,  Confederate  avenue.  They  arc  mas- 
sively built  of  Gettysburg  granite,  the  foundations  deep,  the  super- 
structure of  steel  0-inch  I  bars  weighing  15  pounds  per  foot,  the  road- 
way 22  feet  wide"  of  3-inch  oak  plank,  cap  stones  on  the  abutments, 
and  railings  of  iron. 

STEEL  TOWERS. 

Four  steel  towers,  to  be  constructed  upon  a  design  prepared  by  i  li<- 
engineer,  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  and  approved  by  the  commission,  have  been 
contracted  for  and  are  now  being  erected  by  the  Variety  Iron  Works, 
of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  No.  1  is  60  feet  high  and  stands  on  the  summit 
of  Big  Round  Top;  No.  2  is  75  feet  high,  on  Seminary  Ridge,  near  the 
Wheatfield  road;  No.  3,  75  feet  high,  is  on  Seminary  Ridge,  near  the 
Mummasburg  road,  and  overlooks  specially  the  scene  of  the  first  day's 
fight ;  No.  4,  GO  feet  high,  is  on  the  summit  of  Culp's  Hill.  Nos.  1  and  2 
are  nearly  finished,  and  all  four  will  be  completed  within  a  month. 

FENCING. 

Besides  a  large  amount  of  stone  fencing  repaired  and  rebuilt  along 
battle  lines  of  both  armies  as  it  stood  at  the  time  of  the  battle,  the 
commission  are  having  constructed  a  fence  along  the  completed  ave- 
nues wherever  needed,  with  gates  at  proper  locations.  This  fence  is 
composed  of  round  locust  posts,  iron  capped,  with  four  galvanized 
1-inch  gas  pipes  for  the  railings,  with  two  No.  8  galvanized  wires  in  1  he 
lower  intervals.  The  whole  is  over  4^  feet  high,  very  strong  ami 
handsome. 

GUN   CARRIAGES. 

The  volunteer  batteries  of  the  Union  Army  on  the  grounds  of  the 
Memorial  Association  are  generally  represented  by  one  gun  and 
mounted  upon  inferior  carriages.  This  commission  resolved  to  sub- 
stitute an  improved  iron  gun  carriage.  Sixty-two  new  carriages  have 
been  contracted  for.  Of  these  about  3G  have  been  furnished  by  the 
contractor  and  placed  on  the  field  and  mounted  with  the  kind  of  gun 
used  by  each  battery,  respectively,  in  the  battle.  The  others  will  be 
put  in  position  as  soon  as  supplied  by  the  contractor.  Excellent 
granite  foundation  stones  support  each  carriage.  The  following  ha  vr 
already  been  placed  on  the  Union  lines,  vix: 

One  carriage  and  10-pound  Parrott  (Knap's  Battery),  Culp's  Hill. 

One  carriage,  Napoleon  gun.  on  Barlow  Knoll. 

Three  carriages  and  10-pound  Parrotts  on  Little  Round  Top. 

Six  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (Ricketts's  Battery),  on  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Three  carriages  and  Napoleon  guns  (Stewart's  Battery) ,  on  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Three  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (right  of  Ricketts's  Battery),  on  East  Cemetery 
Hill. 

Three  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (Wiedrich's New  York  Battery),  on  East  Ceme- 
tery Hill. 

All  of  these  guns  on  East  Cemetery  Hill  occupy  redoubts  used  by 
said  batteries  in  the  battle. 

On  the  Confederate  lines  the  following  have  been  placed  to  mark 
positions  of  batteries,  viz: 

One  carriage  and  Confederate  Napoleon  gun  (Taylor's  Battery),  section  4,  Con- 
federate avenue. 
One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  (Parker's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 


GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL   MILITARY   PARK   COMMISSION.          23 

One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  (Jordan's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 

Two  carriages  and  20-pound  Parrotts  (Woolfolk's  Battery),  section  4,  Confed 
erate  avenue. 

(The  above  belonged  to  Alexander's  Battalion.) 

One  carriage  and  howitzer  (section  Carlton's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate 
avenue. 

One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  ( Manly 's  North  Carolina  Battery),  section  4,  Con- 
federate avenue. 

One  carriage  and  10-pound  Parrott  (section  Carlton's  Battery),  section  4,  Con- 
federate avenue. 

One  carriage  and  10-pound  Parrott  (McCarthy's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate 
avenue. 

One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  (Eraser's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 

(These  belonged  to  Cabell's  Battalion.) 

One  carriage  and  Napoleon  gun  (Latham's  North  Carolina  Battery),  section  5, 
Confederate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  Napoleon  gun  (Garden's  South  Carolina  Battery),  section  5, 
Confederate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  10-pound  Parrott  (Bachman's  South  Carolina  Battery ),  section 
5,  Confederate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  Napoleon  gun  (section  Reilly's  North  Carolina  Battery),  sec- 
tion 5,  Confederate  avenue. 

Two  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (section  Reilly's  North  Carolina  Battery),  sec- 
tion 6,  Confederate  avenue. 

(These  belonged  to  Henry's  Battalion.) 

POSITIONS  AND   MOVEMENTS   OF  TROOPS. 

The  position  and  evolutions  of  the  various  commands  of  the  Union 
Army  were  mostly  determined  and  marked  by  the  Memorial  Associa- 
tion. But  those  of  the  Confederate  army  remained  for  the  commis- 
sion to  ascertain  and  locate.  Much  attention  has  been  given  to  this. 
Surviving  Confederate  officers  and  soldiers  have  been  invited  to  visit 
the  field ;  also  the  authorities  of  the  Southern  States  have  been  re- 
quested to  send  commissioners  representing  Confederate  commands  to 
point  out  positions.  The  responses  from  the  South  to  these  invitations 
and  requests  have  been  very  encouraging,  and  the  commission  have  had 
the  aid  of  many  Confederate  soldiers  of  intelligence,  some  of  high  rank, 
in  fixing  positions  and  movements  of  Confederate  troops.  Additions 
to  our  information  on  these  points  are  being  constantly  made.  All 
positions  ascertained  are,  of  course,  carefully  noted  on  our  topograph- 
ical maps,  as  well  as  upon  the  field,  so  that  they  can  not  be  lost.  With- 
out going  into  particulars,  the  commission  feel  sure  that  they  will  be 
able  within  a  reasonable  period  to  determine  and  mark  with  very  great 
accuracy  the  positions  and  evolutions  of  all  the  various  commands  of 
the  Confederate  army  on  this  field. 

THE  COMMISSION'S  NEW  MAP  OF  THE  BATTLEFIELD. 

Owing  to  numerous  and  important  engineering  operations  for  the 
construction  of  avenues,  bridges,  towers,  etc.,  for  determining  the 
boundaries  of  properties  and  office  work  for  the  immediate  use  of 
the  commission,  the  engineer  corps  have  been  unable  to  complete 
their  battlefield  survey  and  map  projected  to  show  every  detail  of  the 
field,  for  which  a  large  amount  of  data  has  already  been  collected. 
They  hope  to  be  able  ere  long  to  bring  this  work  to  completion.  The 
sheets  already  completed  have  been  found  to  be  of  much  value  for 
reference  and  are  in  constant  requisition.  The  commission  will  not 
now  attempt  to  specify  in  detail  all  the  work  of  the  engineer,  Col. 


•J  1          UKTTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    ]>ARK    COMMISSION. 


E.  B.  Cope,  and  his  assistants,  but  the  same  lia>  IHM-M  very  extensive 
and  varied  and  in  tin-  liiirhesl  drinvr  satisfactory. 
Respectfully  suliinitted. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  BOBBINS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 
SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  Coiitinixx/<i/«  ,-*. 


BLUE-I'KIXT   MAIN    .\<  vo.M  I'ANYINU    THE    HEI'OUT. 

68.— Unite<l  States  corner  stone. 

69.— Regimental  tablets. 

70.— Tract  of  Henry  Spangler. 

71.— Tract  of  J.  L.  Sherfy. 

72.— Tract  of  W.  H.  Martin. 

73. — Section  6,  Confederate  avenue. 

74.— Section  7,  Confederate  avenue. 

75. — Codori  Grove. 

76. — College  lane. 

77.— Tract  No.  3.  J.  L.  Sherfy. 

78. — Sections  1,  2,  and  3,  Confederate  avenue. 

79. — A  public  road. 

80. — United  States  Regular  avenue. 

81.— Tract  of  Maria  Shultz. 

82.— Plan  of  bridge* 

83.— Plan  of  75-foot  tower. 

84.— Tract  of  S.  J.  Drum. 

85.— Drawing  of  <iO-foot  tower. 

86. — 14/3  miles  of  public  roads. 

87.— Tract  of  William  H.  Tipton. 

88.— Tract  No.  5,  land  company. 

89.— Tract  No.  1 ,  land  company. 

90.— Tract  No.  "2,  land  company. 

91.— Tract  No.  :i,  J.  L.  Sherfy. 

92.— Tract  of  Martin  Winter. 

93.— Tract  of  H.  C.  Parsons. 

94.— Tract  of  Robert  Sheads. 

95.— Tract  of  C.  F.  Starner. 

96.— Perspective  view  of  tower. 

97.— Tract  of  the  Twenty-first  Cavalry. 

98.— Seminary  lane. 

99.— Drawing  of  75-foot  tower. 
100.— Seminary  lane. 
101.— Plan  of  gate. 
102.— Plan  of  fence. 
103.— Centerpiece  of  gate. 
1(»4.—  Plan  of  gate. 
105. — Plan  of  gate. 

106.— Tract  of  land  of  Fifth  New  Jersey. 
107.— Tract  of  land  of  Twenty  sixth  Pennsylvania. 
108.— Tract  of  land  of  Sixth  Pennsylvania. 
109.— Tract  of  land  of  Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania 
110.— Tract  of  land  of  Knap's  Battery. 
Hi.— Tract  of  land  of  Tenth  Maine. 

12.— Tract  of  land  of  One  hundred  and  thirty-sixth  New  York. 

13.-Tract  of  land  of  First  New  York  Artillery 

14.— Tract  of  land  of  Seventy-seventh  New  York. 
1.15.— Tract  of  land  of  Fifty- fifth  New  York 
116.— Tract  of  land  of  Fourth  Ohio. 

!!I'~mract  ot  land  of  One  h"ndred  ;ind  twenty-fifth  New  York. 

118.— Tract  of  land  of  Third  New  York. 

U9.— Tract  of  land  of  First  New  Jersey  Cavalry 

120.— Tract  of  land  of  Third  Pennsylvania  Battery. 

M.— Tract  of  land  of  Tenth  New  York  Cavalry. 

22.— Tract  of  land  of  Fourth  Xew  Jersey,  marker. 

23.— Tract  of  land  of  One  hundred  and  fifty-third  Pennsylvania. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          25 

124. — Tract  of  land  of  Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 

123.— Tract  of  land  of  Eighth  Ohio. 

126.— Tract  of  land  of  United  States  avenue. 

127. — Tract  of  land  of  United  States  avenue. 

128.— United  States  corner  stone. 

121).— Sickles  and  Crawiord  avenues. 

130. — Hancock  and  Sedgwick  avenues. 

131. — Foundation  stones. 

132. — Seminary  Lane  avenue. 

133.— Fence  No.  2,  Gilbert. 

134. — Barn  at  headquarters. 

135. — Wire  fence. 

136.— Wire  fence. 

137.— Tract  of  C.  Gilbert. 

138.— Tract  of  Maria  Shultz. 

139. — Tract  of  Jacob  Benner. 

140. — Tract  of  Seminary  lane. 

141. — Drawing  of  gate  and  fence. 

142. — Drawing  of  shells  used  in  the  battle. 

143. — Drawing  of  13- inch  shells. 

144. — Tract  of  United  States  property. 

145.— Tract  of  James  Felix. 

146. — Tract  of  United  States  property. 

147.— Wilkeson's  Battery. 

148. — Train  schedule. 

141).— Hancock  avenue. 

150.— Tract  of  Bair  and  Gilbert. 

151.— Tract  of  Pfeffer. 

152.— Tract  of  Basil  Biggs. 

153.— Tract  of  F.  Pfeffer. 

154.— Tract  of  D.  J.  Benner. 

155.— Tract  of  L.  Leister. 

loG.— Tract  of  B.  Biggs. 

157.— Tract  of  L.  Hummelbaugh. 

158.— Tract  of  S.  Codori. 

159.— Tract  of  W.  Patterson. 

160.— Tract  of  G.  Weikert. 

161.— Tract  of  P.  D.  Swisher. 

162.— Tract  of  J.  Felix. 

163. — Boundary  lines  borough  of  Gettysburg.  \ 

164. — Tract  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

165. — Site  of  General  Meade's  statue. 

166. — Tract  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

167. — Tract  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS   TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'  REPORT. 

View  on  section  7.  Confederate  avenue — the  Devil's  Slipper. 

Section  7,  looking  east,  Round  Top  in  the  distance. 

Grading  roadbed,  section  1 ,  Confederate  avenue. 

Rolling  subgrade,  section  1,  Confederate  avenue. 

Foundation  work  of  roadway  on  Seminary  avenue,  looking  north. 

A  view  of  Ricketts's  Battery,  F  and  G,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  East 

Cemetery  Hill. 

First  New  York  Light  Battery  I,  East  Cemetery  Hill. 
Side  view,  Bridge  No.  1. 

Perspective  view  of  Bridge  No.  1  on  United  States  avenue. 
Stewart's  battery.  Fourth  United  States,  East  Cemetery  Hill. 
A  view  of  Cooper's  Battery,  B,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  East  Cemetery 

Sill. 
A  section  of  Reilly's  Battery,  C.  S.  A.,  on  section  6,  looking  toward  Little  Round 

Top. 

View  on  section  6,  looking  east,  Round  Top  in  the  distance. 
Old  cast-iron  gim  carriage,  formerly  used  to  mark  the  field. 
A  view  of  avenue,  section  5,  looking  north. 
A  view  of  section  5,  looking  south. 
A  view  of  Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  looking  south  from  near  the  entrance  of 

Kilpatrick  avenue. 

A  view  of  Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  looking  north. 
A  view  of  avenue,  section  4,  looking  north,  showing  the  fence  constructed  by  the 

commission  on  one  side  and  the  stone  wall  rebuilt  on  the  other. 


ANNUAL  REPORT   FOR  1896 


27 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1896, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  21,  1896. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub- 
mit the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  present  condition  of  the 
work : 

MILITARY    AVENUES. 

Since  our  report  of  1895  the  Telford  road,  known  as  Seminary  ave- 
nue, and  section  1  of  Confederate  avenue,  running  from  the  Chambers- 
burg  pike  southward  along  Seminary  Ridge  as  far  as  the  Government 
at  present  owns  the  right  of  way  there,  has  been  completed;  like- 
.wise  Hancock  avenue,  which  runs  from  the  national  cemetery  gate 
southward  along  the  main  Union  line  of  battle  to  the  east  end  of 
United  States  avenue,  and  also  Sickles  avenue,  which  runs  from  the 
Emmitsburg  road  near  the  Rogers  house  southeastward,  via  the  Loop 
and  the  Wheatfield,  to  the  Devil's  Den.  Slocum  avenue,  which  fol- 
lows the  battle  lines  over  Gulp's  Hill,  is  in  course  of  construction  and 
nearly  completed.  The  whole  length  of  Telford  avenues  which  have 
been  constructed  by  our  commission  is  7£  miles.  The  United  States 
avenue  crosses  the  field  perpendicularly  from  east  to  west  between  the 
Union  and  Confederate  lines.  All  the  others  follow  closely  the 
respective  lines  of  battle.  Of  the  Confederate  avenue  which  follows 
the  Confederate  line  of  battle  along  Seminary  Ridge  and  thence  to 
Round  Top,  sections  1,  4,  5,  6,  and  7,  aggregating  a  distance  of  nearly 
3  miles,  have  been  completed.  Sections  2  and  3  of  this  Confederate 
avenue  remain  still  unconstructed,  solely  because  we  have  been  unable 
to  secure  the  right  of  way  by  purchase  from  the  land  owners.  Pro- 
ceedings to  condemn  the  needed  lands  were  delayed  on  account  of  a 
question  having  been  raised  in  a  similar  case  of  ours  as  to  the  right 
of  the  Government  to  condemn  land  for  such  purposes,  which  neces- 
sitated an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  That 
court  having  adjudged  such  right  to  be  constitutional,  condemnation 
proceedings  were  at  once  instituted  and  are  now  pending  in  the  cir- 
cuit court  of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  as  soon  as  the  right  of  way  shall  be  thereby  secured,  sec- 
tions 2  and  3  of  the  Confederate  avenue  will  be  promptly  constructed. 
• 

MARKING  THE   POSITIONS   OF  TROOPS. 

As  the  purpose  of  the  National  Government  in  taking  charge  of  this 
field  was  not  only  to  preserve  its  features  as  they  existed  at  the  time 
of  battle  and  to  make  its  many  interesting  points  accessible  by  good 
16175—05 3  29 


30          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

roads,  but  also  to  have  the  positions  and  evolutions  of  both  the  con- 
tending armies  carefully  ascertained  and  suitably  marked,  and  as 
the  positions  of  most  of  the  Union  troops  had  been  previously  marked 
by  monuments  erected  by  different  States  at  their  own  expense,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association, 
our  attention  has  been  largely  directed  to  what  had  been  left  mainly 
undone,  to  wit,  fixing  and  marking  the  positions  and  movements  of 
the  Confederate  troops  and  the  United  States  Regulars.  Since  out- 
last report  we  have  marked  the  positions  of  the  four  batteries  of  Mcln- 
tosh's  Artillery  Battalion  on  Seminary  Ridge  along  section  1  of  the 
Confederate  avenue,  and  we  have  placed  an  additional  gun,  making 
two,  to  each  of  twelve  batteries  belonging  to  Alexander's,  Cabcll's, 
and  Henry's  Artillery  Battalions  along  sections  4,  5,  and  G,  Confeder- 
ate avenue.  Our  plan  is  to  mark  the  position  of  each  battery  by  at 
least  two  guns  like  those  which  composed  it  and  mounted  on  gun  car- 
riages admirably  resembling  the  usual  wooden  ones,  but  made  of  iron. 
Handsome  tablets  of  iron,  not  only  for  each  battery,  but  also  for  each 
command  of  infantry  and  cavalry,  will  stand  along  the  main  lines  of 
battle,  with  brief  inscriptions  specifying  the  name  of  each  command, 
its  service  in  the  battle,  and  referring  to  auxiliary  and  subordinate 
tablets  so  placed  as  to  indicate  successive  movements  during  the  con- 
flict. Much  thought  has  been  given  to  the  preparation  of  these  tab- 
lets and  their  inscriptions  for  the  Confederate  commands,  so  as  to 
arrive  at  the  utmost  possible  historic  accuracy  with  regard  to  eaeli 
one  as  well  as  perfect  consistency  and  fairness  among  them  as  a  whole. 
This  is  a  work  requiring  great  deliberation  and  painstaking,  but  we 
hope  to  accomplish  it  satisfactorily. 

The  placing  of  the  Confederate  tablets  along  the  main  lines  can 
only  be  completed  when  we  shall  have  acquired  the  needed  lands  and 
completed  the  construction  of  the  Confederate  avenues  along  those 
lines,  which  we  are  doing  as  fast  as  practicable.  During  the  past 
year  we  have  also  replaced  all  of  the  old  inferior  gun  carriages  which 
were  formerly  used  for  the  Union  batteries  with  our  new  iron  ones, 
constructed  as  aforesaid,  and  we  have  mounted  many  additional  guna 
to  mark  the  positions  of  Union  batteries,  among  the  more  notable  of 
which  are  six  20-pounder  Parrotts  placed  in  the  Citizen's  Cemetery 
by  leave  of  the  proper  authorities,  to  mark  the  positions  of  Taft's 
Battery. 

FENCING,    ETC. 

In  appropriate  and  needful  places  we  have  caused  the  avenues 
which  have  been  made  to  be  inclosed  with  the  neat  style  of  fence 
descrilK'd  in  our  last  annual  report,  which,  being  made  of  iron-capped 
locust  posts  and  four  galvanized  iron  railings,  is  not  only  durable  but 
is  inconspicuous  to  the  sight,  and  therefore  does  not 'mar  the  view  of 
the  field.  All  stone  fences  and  walls  which  existed  at  the  time  of  the 
battle  and  which  are  upon  ground  owned  by  the  United  States  we 
have  caused  to  be  restored  and  put  in  proper  condition,  as  also  such 
breastworks  and  other  defenses  as  were  erected  by  either  army,  >Ye 
have  also  caused  great  numbers  of  trees  to  be  planted,  so  as  to  restore 
the  forest  on  grounds  which  have  been  denuded  of  trees  since  the 
battle.  The  hurricane  of  last  month  destroyed  many  hundreds  of 
trees  on  the  battlefield,  which  we  shall  take  measures  to  replace. 

OBSERVATORIES. 

The  four  steel  towers  which  were  in  course  of  construction  at  the 
date  of  our  last  report  were  completed  soon  thereafter.  We  have 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          31 

since  caused  another  to  be  erected  near  the  center  of  the  field  in 
Ziegler's  Grove  and  not  far  from  the  point  where  the  battle  ended 
with  the  final  grand  but  unsuccessful  Confederate  assault  of  the  third 
day.  These  are  all  solid  and  well-built  structures,  and,  located  as  they 
are,  thejr  afford  the  observer  a  complete  and  satisfactory  view  of  the 
entire  scene  of  the  great  battle  and  enable  him  to  get  a  consistent 
and  accurate  idea  of  it  as  a  whole. 

We  are  happy  to  report  that  visitors  in  great  numbers  from  all  sec- 
tions of  our  own  country,  as  well  as  some  from  abroad,  are  constantly 
thronging  these  historic  grounds  and  tracing  out  the  complicated 
phases  of  the  titanic  struggle,  with  many  expressions  of  their  satis- 
faction at  the  wise  plans  of  the  National  Government  for  making  it 
plain  and  easily  comprehended,  and  for  preserving  this  field  for  the 
study  of  those  who  are  to  come  after  us. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  -WAR. 


LIST   OF   BLUE   PRINTS  TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'  REPORT. 

168. — A  map  showing  the  scene  of  Longstreet's  final  assault  on  the  Union  lines  at 
Gettysburg  July  3,  1863. 

109. — Plot  of  land  for  the  Seventy-third  New  York  monument. 

170. — Trail  of  gun  carriage  for  20-pounder  Parrott  rifle. 

171.— Guns  used  in  marking  positions  of  batteries  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

172. — Property  of  the  United  States  formerly  belonging  to  M.  Bushman  estate. 

173. — Map  showing  location  of  trees,  etc.,  in  Ziegler's  grove. 

174.— Plot  of  land  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Water  Company  on  which  is 
erected  the  Twenty-fifth  and  Seventy-fifth  Ohio  monuments. 

175. — Plot  of  ground  belonging  to  the  estate  of  Samuel  A.  Whitney  on  which  is 
erected  Hall's  Second  Maine  Battery  monument. 

176. — Plot  of  ground  belonging  to  the  estate  of  Samuel  A.  Whitney  on  which  is 
erected  the  One  hundred  and  forty -ninth  Pennsylvania  monument. 

177. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa- 
tion. Conveyed  by  Henry  and  Annie  Gulp. 

178. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa- 
tion. Conveyed  by  Samuel  Bushman. 

179. — Plot  of  monument  sites  in  Peach  Orchard  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 

180. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 
Association.  Conveyed  by  Hart  Gilbert. 

181.— Tract  belonging  to  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation. Conveyed  by  Levi  Weikert. 

182. — Tract  belonging  to  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation. Conveyed  by  Emanuel  Weikert. 

183.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  Con- 
veyed by  Henry  Welty. 

184. — Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  Con- 
veyed by  Levi  Plank. 

185. — Tract. belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  Con- 
veyed by  Emanuel  Weikert. 

186. — Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  Con- 
veyed by  Francis  A.  Althoff. 

187. — Gate  of  inch  pipe. 

188.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  Con- 
veyed by  John  S.  Forney. 

189. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  Conveyed 
by  George  F.  Basehoar. 

190.— A  mounted  Whitworth  gun. 

191. — Tract  belonging  to  John  L.  Sherfy  on  which  is  erected  the  First  Vermont 
United  States  Sharpshooters  monument. 


32 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 


192. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  J.  S.  Forney. 
193.  —Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     ( 'onveyed 

by  Jeremiah  Bender. 
194.— Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  J.  S.  Forney. 
195. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  J.  A.  Livers. 
196.— Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  David  Wills. 
197. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.    Conveyed 

by  M.  W.  &  J.  W.  Eicholtz. 

198. — Tract  in  Howard  avenue  taken  from  property  of  Alex.  Spangler. 
199. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Taken  by 

condemnation  proceedings  from  the  poor  directors  of  Adams  County. 
200.— Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.    Conveyed 

by  Leander  Hummelbangh. 
201.— Tract  of  land  conveyed  by  A.  Spangler  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 

Association. 
202. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Jacob  Baker. 
203. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.    Conveyed 

by  Alice  Forney.  • 

204.— Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  John  Bender. 
205. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  David  Blocher. 
20(5. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  David  Wills. 
207. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  E.  Hanaway. 
20*.  —Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Hugh  Scott. 
20'J. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  E.  Menchy. 
210.— Tracts  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Samuel  A.  Whitney. 
21 1. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  E.  McPherson  and  John  Kuhn. 
212.— Plan  and  elevation  of  harness  house. 
213.— Proposed  flagstaff. 

214. — Round  Top  tracts  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa- 
tion to  United  States  of  America. 
215. — Howard  avenue  tracts. 
210.— Neill  avenue,  conveyed  by  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States. 
217.— CHIP'S  Hill  tract,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States  of  America. 
— Plan  of  Sickles  avenue. 

—Oak  Ridge  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa- 
tion to  United  States  of  America. 
—Reynolds  Woods  and  part  of  Reynolds  avenue,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg 

Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
—Reynolds   avenue  property   No.    2,  conveyed    by  Gettysburg  Battlefield 

Memorial  Association  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
—The  Wheatfield  and  portion  of  Sickles  avenue,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg 

Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
— Buford  avenue  and  a  portion  of  Reynolds  avenue,  conveyed  by  the  Gettys- 
burg Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
—Hancock  avenue,  including  George  Weikert,  L.  Hummelbaugh,  and  L. 

Leister  properties,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation to  United  States  of  America. 
— Althoff  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States  of  America. 
—Property  in  borough  of  Gettysburg,  conveyed   by  Gettysburg  Battlefield 

Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
—Smith  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States  of  America. 


218, 
219, 

220 
221 
222 
223, 
224. 

225 
226, 
227, 


GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL    MILITARY   PARK    COMMISSION.         33 

228. — Rose  Grove,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to 

United  States  of  America. 
229. — East  Cemetery  Hill  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 

Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
230. — Cavalry  avenue  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg   Battlefield   Memorial 

Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
231. — Plot  of  First  New  Jersey  Battery  A,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield 

Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
232. — Plot  of  First  Wisconsin  monument. 

233.— Plot  of  One  hundred  and  fourteenth  and  Fifty-seventh  Pennsylvania. 
234. — One  hundred  and  thirty-sixth  New  York  monument  plot. 
235. — Sixth  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
236. — First  Maine  Cavalry  plot. 
237.— Randolph's  Battery  E  plot. 

238. — Guns  used  for  marking  positions  of  batteries,  No.  2. 
289. — Ninety-fifth  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
240. — Twenty- sixth  Emergency  Regiment  monument  plot. 
241. — Fifteenth  Massachusetts  monument  plot. 
242. — First  United  States  Sharpshooter  monument  plot. 
243. — Seventy-third  New  York  mpnument  plot. 
244. — One  hundred  and  sixth  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
245.— Sixty- third  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
246. — Fifth  New  York  Cavalry  monument  plot. 
247. — Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  monument  plot. 
248. — First  Massachusetts  monument  plot. 
249. — Twenty-seventh  Indiana  monument  plot. 
250.— Tablet  plot  first  shot  fired. 

251. — A  general  map  of  all  the  lands  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation which  have  been  conveyed  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
252. — Round  Top  Park  property  of  Gettysburg  and  Harrisburg  Railroad. 
253. — Plot  of  tract  of  land  belonging  to  John  L.  Sherfy,  known  as  the  Peach 

Orchard. 

254.— Property  of  W.  H.  Tipton. 
255. — Tract  of  land  from  property  of  George  F.  Basehoar  forming  part  of  Buford 

avenue. 

256. — United  States  property  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 
257. — Plan  of  Observation  Tower  No.  5. 
258. — Plot  of  tract  of  land  belonging  to  Amos  Leister. 
259. — Entrance  to  Slocum  avenue,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 

Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
260.— Plan  of  dedication  stand. 
261. — Map  showing  the  connections  of  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  on  the 

Emmitsburg  road. 

262. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  and  Harrisburg  Railroad  Company. 
263. — Tracts  of  land  belonging  to  William  Patterson. 
264. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Land  and  Improvement  Company. 
265. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Henry  Spangler. 
266.— Tract  belonging  to  John  L.  Sherfy. 
267. — Tract  belonging  to  Warren  W.  Ilafer. 

268. — Tract  belonging  to  Land  and  Improvement  Company  on  Seminary  Ridge. 
269. — Map  showing  tracts  of  land  required  on  Seminary  Ridge  for  the  continued 

construction  of  Confederate  avenue  from  Hagerstown  road  to  Wheatfield 

road. 

270. — Plan  of  Slocum  avenue. 
271. — Plan  of  Sedgwick  avenue. 

272. — Cross  section  of  Western  Maryland  Railroad  cut. 
273. — Plan  of  barn  on  United  States  property  (formerly  Bushman). 
274. — Plan  of  Meade  avenue. 
275. — Design  for  girder  bridge. 

276. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Florence  and  Georgianna  Cunningham. 
277. — Tracings  of  the  200-foot  scale  Warren  map,  accompanying  the  report  of  1896. 
278.— Title  page. 
279. — Northwest  corner,  A-l. 
280.— Herr  Tavern,  A-2. 
281.— North  Middle,  A-3. 
282.— North  Rock  Creek,  A-4. 
288.— Northeast  corner,  A-5. 
284. — South  of  northwest  corner,  B-l. 


34          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

285.— Medicinal  Spring,  B-2. 

286.— West  Gettysburg,  B-3. 

287.— East  Gettysburg,  B-4. 

288.— Hanover  road,  13-5. 

289.— Black  Horse  Tavern,  C-l. 

290.— Middle  Willoughby  Run,  C-2. 

291.— Field  of  Longstreet's  assault,  C-3. 

292.— Gulp's  Hill,C-4. 

293.— Wolf  Hill,  C-5. 

294.— Marsh  Creek,  D-l. 

295. — Pitzer's  Schoolhonse,  D-2. 

296.— Peach  Orchard  and  Wheatfield,  D-3. 

297.— Power's  Hill,  D-4. 

298.— East  Baltimore  pike,  D-5. 

299.— Southwest  corner,  E-l. 

300.— South  Eminitsburg  road,  E-2. 

301.— The  Round  Tops  and  Devil's  Den,  E-3. 

302.— South  Taneytown  road,  E-4. 

300.— South  Rock  Creek,  E-5. 

LIST  OF   PHOTOORAPHS  TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'  REPORT. 

Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  tower.  Big  Round  Top. 

Entrance  to  Hancock  avenue,  Ziegler's  Grove. 

Hancock  avenue,  south,  toward  Bryan  House. 

Hancock  avenue,  tower,  Bryan  House. 

Hancock  avenue.  Eleventh  New  York  Independent  Battery. 

Hancock  avenue,  loop  at  the  angle. 

Hancock  avenue,  north  to  high-water  mark. 

Hancock  avenue  at  intersection  of  Pleasonton  avenue. 

Intersection  United  States  avenue  and  Hancock  avenue. 

United  States  avenue,  from  Trostle  House. 

Entrance  to  Sickles  avenue,  Emmitsburg  road. 

Crossing  of  United  States  and  Sickles  avenues. 

Sickles  avenue,  woods  west  of  Wheatfield. 

Sickles  avenue,  across  Wheatfield. 

Sickles  avenue  at  Smith's  Battery,  Fourth  New  York. 

Sickles  avenue  west  of  Devil's  Den. 

Tower,  Confederate  avenue,  section  4. 

Entrance  to  Slocum  avenue. 

Slocum  avenue,  Stevens  Knoll. 

Stevens's  Fifth  Maine  Battery,  E,  Slocum  avenue. 

Slocum  avenue— section  of  Stevens's  Fifth  Maine  Battery. 

Slocnm  avenue  at  entrance  to  woods,  Gulp's  Hill. 

Tower  and  K::ap's  Battery.  E.  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  summit  of  Gulp's  Hill. 

Slocum  avenue,  graded  roadbed. 

Slocum  avenue,  graded  roadbed. 

Terminus  of  Slocum  avenue,  near  Spanglers  Spring. 

Reynolds  Grove  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Reynolds  Grove  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Reynolds  Grove  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Big  Round  Top  near  tower,  after  storm  of  September  30,  1806. 

Big  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1S96. 

Big  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Little  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Little  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Grove  south  of  Wheatfield  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Grove  south  of  Wheatfield  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Gulp's  Hill  near  Seventieth  and  One  hundred  and  second  New  York  monument 

after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Gulp's  Hill,  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  monument  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 
Gulp's  H  11  near  Knap's  Battery  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 
Gulp's  Hill  after  storm  of  September  30, 1896. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  1897 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1897, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  25,  1897. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub- 
mit the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  present  condition  of  their 
work,  with  some  suggestions  of  their  plans  for  the  future : 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

Since  the  last  report  Slocum  avenue,  then  under  construction,  has 
been  completed.  It  leads  from  the  Baltimore  pike  at  the  base  of  East 
Cemetery  Hill  over  the  summit  of  Gulp's  Hill  to  its  southeastern  base 
at  Spanglers  Spring,  closely  following  and  marking  the  main  battle 
line  of  the  right  wing  of  the  Union  Army. 

Sedgwick,  Sykes,  and  Meade  avenues  have  been  surveyed,  con- 
tracted for,  and  completed.  Sedgwick  avenue  leads  from  the  southern 
end  of  Hancock  avenue  to  the  northern  base  of  Little  Round  Top, 
following  the  Sixth  Corps  line  on  that  part  of  the  field ;  and  Sykes 
avenue  leads  over  the  summit  of  Little  Round  Top,  following  the 
Fifth  Corps  line  there,  and  continues  on  until  it  connects  with  the 
Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  on  the  western  slope  of  Big  Round 
Topi  Meade  avenue  leads  from  General  Meade's  headquarters  on  the 
Taneytown  road  to  Hancock  avenue,  at  the  point  where  the  Confed- 
erate assault  of  the  third  day  culminated. 

That  section  of  Crawford  avenue  which  leads  from  Devil's  Den  north- 
ward through  the  Valley  of  Death  to  the  Wheatfield  road,  including 
a  bridge  over  Plum  Run,  is  being  rapidly  pushed  and  will  be  com- 
pleted before  December  31,  1897. 

All  these  avenues,  like  those  previously  built  by  the  commission  on 
this  field,  are  constructed  on  the  Telford  system  and  are  substantial 
and  durable.  Wherever  along  their  sides  there  are  sloping  banks, 
these  are  turfed  or  set  with  grass ;  the  gutters  are  well  paved  with 
stones,  and,  wherever  needful  at  short  curves,  low  granite  pillars, 
topped  with  13-inch  shells,  have  been  set  on  the  edge  of  the  avenues 
to  prevent  careless  driving  off  the  roadway. 

Hancock  avenue  has  been  widened  to  100  feet  by  purchasing  the  nec- 
essary ground  on  each  side  and  erecting  along  its  borders  an  excellent 
standard  fence. 

Much  yet  remains  to  be  done  here  in  the  construction  of  avenues 
and  roadways.  Two  miles  of  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary 
Ridge,  along  the  battle  line  of  Hill's  Corps  on  second  and  third  days, 
have  not  yet  been  constructed  because  the  Government  did  not  possess 

37 


38         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

the  right  of  way.  After  diligent  efforts  to  secure  this  by  purchase  at 
reasonable  figures  from  the  land  owners,  but  without  success,  proceed- 
ings for  condemning  the  needed  lands  were  begun  in  the  circuit  court 
of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania  and  are 
still  pending  there.  A  jury  of  view  was  appointed,  inspected  the  lands, 
heard  testimony,  and  made  report  fixing  prices  for  the  lands;  but  the 
proprietors  appealed,  and  the  case  stands  for  trial.  It  will  doubtless 
be  decided  at  the  spring  term,  and  we  hope  then  to  push  that  avenue 
to  completion.  It  will  connect  the  two  parts  of  Confederate  avenue 
already  built  at  the  northern  and  southern  ends  of  Seminary  Ridge 
and  make  a  complete  and  splendid  avenue  along  the  whole  front  <»!' 
Hill's  and  Longst reefs  corps  from  the  Chamberslwrg  pike  southward 
and  eastward  to  the  slopes  of  Round  Top,  a  distance  of  over  f>  miles. 
One  or  more  bridges  must  be  built  along  it  over  the  si  reams  which  cut 
through  the  ridge. 

There  is  need  for  important  improvements  upon  the  avenues  on  the 
cavalry  field  3  miles  east  of  the  town  and  for  more  substantial  fencing 
about  those  avenues  and  grounds.  Moreover,  the  Confederate  posi- 
tions on  that  field  are  as  yet  entirely  unmarked,  and  the  commission 
is  anxious  to  have  sufficient  provision  made  to  enable  them  at  an  early 
day  to  secure  the  needed  lands,  erect  tablets,  and  mount  batteries,  so 
as  to  show  the  lines  and  evolutions  of  the  Confederate  forces  there. 
Among  the  other  avenues  which  are  now  but  rough,  narrow,  and 
unsightly  ways,  scarcely  passable,  and  need  to  be  converted  into  Tel- 
ford  roads,  we  may  mention  Wright  avenue,  leading  from  the  gap 
between  the  Round  Tops  southeasterly  across  the  Taneytown  road 
along  the  line  of  the  left  division  of  the  Sixth  Corps;  Pleasonton  ave- 
nue, from  Hancock  avenue  eastward  by  the  cavalry  headquarters  to 
the  Taneytown  road;  and  the  return  avenue  on  Gulp's  Hill,  from 
Spangler's  spring  westward  along  the  southern  base  of  that  hill,  mark- 
ing the  battle  line  where  the  Union  forces  formed  in  the  early  morning 
of  July  ,'J  and  advanced  for  the  recovery  of  their  position  captured  by 
the  Confederates  the  evening  before. 

The  Reynolds,  liuford,  and  Howard  avenues  on  the  first  day's  field 
are  dirt  roads,  located  by  the  Memorial  Association,  and  often  in  bad 
condition.  They  mark  the  lines  of  the  First  and  Eleventh  corps  and 
of  the  Union  cavalry,  and  greatly  need  to  be  improved,  either  on  the 
Macadam  or  Telford  plan,  and  a  substantial  bridge  upon  Reynolds 
avenue  across  the  railroad  cut,  made  historic  by  the  conflict  there, 
must  be  built  soon,  the  old  one  constructed  by  the  Memorial  Associ- 
ation having  become  dangerous. 

There  is  urgent  need  for  a  new  avenue  leading  from  the  southeastern 
base  of  Culp's  Hill,  across  Rock  Creek,  to  the  extreme  right  flank  of 
the  Union  and  left  flank  of  the  Confederate  forces,  respectively,  and 
this  should  be  laid  out  with  a  view  to  its  extension  to  the  cavalry 
field,  whither  a  good  road  is  much  needed. 

The  public  roads  within  the  bounds  of  the  park,  radiating  in  every 
direction  from  the  town,  the  substantial  center  of  the  battlefield, 
would  serve  as  convenient  routes  by  which  to  reach  many  interesting 
parts  of  it  if  they  were  kept  in  good  condition ;  but  they  are  gener- 
ally in  a  very  unsatisfactory  state  and  often  well-nigh  impassable. 

MARKING  POSITIONS   OF  TROOPS. 

Under  the  supervision  of  the  commission,  the  engineer,  Lieut.  Col. 
E.  B.  Copo,  has  noted  on  the  field  and  marked  upon  the  maps  the 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          39 

positions  of  every  command  of  both  armies  which  has  been  authentic- 
ally fixed,  and  this  embraces  nearly  all  of  them.  The  indication  of 
all  these  positions  by  tablets  and  markers  011  the  ground  will  proceed 
as  rapidly  as  practicable,  having  in  some  cases  to  await  the  acquisi- 
tion of  title  to  the  land. 

During  the  year  iron  gun  carriages  have  been  procured,  of  the 
excellent  pattern  adopted  by  the  commission,  and  guns  have  been 
mounted  upon  them,  marking  the  positions  of  19  Union  batteries  in 
various  parts  of  the  j^eld.  Additional  gun  carriages  are  needed  soon, 
to  be  used  for  mounting  guns  marking  the  positions  of  42  Confederate 
batteries  in  addition  to  those  of  the  Confederates  which  have  already 
been  marked  and  heretofore  reported. 

A  monument  to  the  Seventy-third  New  York  Infantry,  known  as  the 
"Fire  Zouaves,"  was  erected  near  Sickles  avenue  and  the  Peach 
Orchard,  and  dedicated  with  appropriate  ceremonies  in  September. 

The  monument  of  the  First  Minnesota  Regiment,  erected  some  years 
since,  was  dedicated,  by  the  survivors  of  the  regiment  from  that  State, 
on  July  2,  18(.)7. 

The  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  Vermont  regiments  of  Stannard's 
Brigade  have  recently  sent  committees  here  to  fix  the  locations  for 
the  monuments  which  are  to  be  erected  to  these  commands. 

A  commission  from  the  State  of  Maine  has  recently  verified  the 
sites  for  tablets  *.o  be  erected  near  Hancock  avenue,  showing  the 
respective  positions  of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Maine  Regiments  on  the 
third  day  of  the  battle. 

We  are  glad  to  report  that  quite  a  number  of  Confederate  veterans 
have  visited  here  during  the  year  for  the  purpose  of  viewing  the 
battlefield  and  of  locating  and  verifying  the  lines  and  positions  of 
their  commands.  We  interpret  this  as  a  favorable  indication  of  grow- 
ing interest  on  the  part  of  the  Southern  States  and  people  in  this  field. 

In  addition  to  the  before-mentioned  proceedings  for  condemning 
lands  for  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge,  there  is  also 
yet  pending  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern 
district  of  Pennsylvania  the  proceeding  begun  some  time  since  for 
condemning  part  of  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  line  and  remov- 
ing it  from  the  military  positions  which  it  defaces  on  the  battlefield. 
This  case  will  probably  be  concluded  ere  long,  and  the  amount  of  com- 
pensation which  may  be  adjudged  to  said  railroad  company  will  then 
be  payable.  The  amount  awarded  by  the  jury  of  view  was  $30,000. 
This  was  appealed  from  by  both  sides.  We  trust  the  court's  final 
judgment  may  reduce  it. 

We  Avill  not  encumber  the  report  by  attempting  to  specify  the  details 
of  our  work,  nor  the  many  minor  expenses,  aggregating  a  very  con- 
siderable sum,  which  are  necessarily  incident  to  the  prosecution  of  so 
great  a  design  as  the  establishment  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Mili- 
tary Park. 

Feeling  sure  that  it  would  be  wise  to  appropriate  $150,000  for  this 
work  for  the  next  fiscal  year,  we  respectfully  recommend  that  amount. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 

The  SECRETARY  OP  WAR. 


40         GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

BLUE   FEINTS  SUBMITTED  WITH   THE  REPORT   OF  THE  COMMISSION. 

304.— Plan  for  piking  the  Taneytown  road  from  borough  line  to  Meade  headquar 
ters  property. 

305. —Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Basil  Biggs  and  wife. 

306.— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  William  Patterson  and  wife. 

307.— Tract  of  land,  No.  3,  belonging  to  William  Patterson  and  wife. 

308.— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Calvin  P.  Krise. 

309. — Cross-section  of  avenue  of  Antietam  battlefield. 

310.— Plan  of  Sedgwick  and  Sykes  avenues  and  portion  of  Kilpatrick  avenue. 

311. — Map  of  United  States  national  ceinetry,  showing  the  positions  of  batteries. 

312.— Gate,  of  inch  pipe. 

313.— Fence,  of  inch  pipe. 

314.— Plan  of  retaining  wall  along  Sykes  avenue. 

315. — Fence  of  steel  tubing  and  steel  wire  cables. 

316.— Positions  of  the  Thirteenth  Vermont  Regiment  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

317. — Plot  of  land  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Water  Company,  surrounding  Twenty- 
fifth  and  Seventy-fifth  Ohio  monument. 

318. — Blocks  in  .Hancock  statne  pedestal  damaged  by  lightning  July  7,  1897. 

319. — Map  showing  site  of  Seventy- third  New  York  monument. 

320. — Plan  to  connect  equestrian  statue  of  General  Hancock  with  the  ground,  to 
prevent  injury  from  lightning. 

321. — Plan  to  connect  equestrian  statues  with  the  ground,  to  prevent  injury  from 
lightning. 

322.— Culp's  Hill,  C-4. 

323.— Medicinal  Springs,  B-2. 

PHOTOGRAPHS  SUBMITTED  WITH   REPORT   OF  THE   COMMISSION. 

Entrance  to  East  Cemetery  Hill,  showing  General  Hancock  statue  and  walk. 

Paving  in  front  of  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Entrance  to  Slocum  avenue. 

Slocum  avenue  at  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  monument. 

Retaining  wall  along  Slocum  avenue. 

Retaining  wall  along  Slocum  avenue  from  One  hundred  and  fiftieth  New  York 

monument. 

Slocum  avenue  from  Second  Maryland  C.  S.  A. 

Slocum  avenue  north  from  One  hundred  and  twenty-third  New  York  monument. 
Slocum  avenue  south  from  One  hundred  and  twenty- third  New  York  monument. 
The  walk  through  Ziegler's  Grove,  looking  north. 

The  walk  through  Ziegler's  Grove,  showing  Butler's  Second  United  States  Battery. 
Sedgwick  avenue  from  intersection  of  United  States  avenue. 
Sedgwick  avenue  north. 

Sedgwick  avenue  north  from  Wheatfield  road. 
Sykes  avenue,  north  side  Little  Round  Top. 

Retaining  wall  along  Sykes  avenue,  north  side  Little  Round  Top. 
Sykes  avenue,  summit  Little  Round  Top. 
Sykes  avenue,  summit  Little  Round  Top. 
Building  retaining  wall,  south  side  Little  Round  Top. 
Sykes  avenue  south  along  retaining  wall. 
Rolling  Sykes  avenue  between  the  Round  Tops. 
Graded  roadway,  foot  of  Big  Round  Top. 
Laying  foundation  pavement,  foot  of  Big  Round  Top. 
Hitching  rail  at  Devil's  Den. 

Hitching  rail  near  Devil's  Den,  looking  toward  Little  Round  Top. 
Turnbull's  F  and  K  Third  United  States  Battery,  Emmitsburg  road 


ANNUAL  REPORT   FOR  1898 


41 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1898, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL,  MILITARY  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  1,  1898. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfulty  sub- 
mit the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  condition  of  their  work, 
with  some  suggestions  on  what  they  think  necessary  for  its  successful 
prosecution  in  the  future: 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

Since  the  last  report  Crawford  avenue  has  been  completed,  leading 
northward  from  Devil's  Den  through  the  Valley  of  Death  and  across 
Plum  Run  to  the  Wheatfield  road.  The  bridge  over  Plum  Run  was 
constructed  in  the  same  substantial  style  as  the  others  which  have 
been  built  on  this  field. 

The  commission,  having  heretofore  given  attention  to  the  roads  and 
avenues  of  the  park  of  the  second  and  third  days'  battlefield,  have 
thought  it  wise  this  year  to  look  after  those  on  the  first  day's  field, 
and  have  entered  into  contracts  for  the  construction  of  Reynolds  and 
Howard  avenues,  which  mark  the  lines,  respectively,  of  the  First  and 
Eleventh  Corps  of  the  Union  Army  and  are  together  nearly  3  miles 
long.  Howard  avenue  is  finished.  It  leads  from  the  Harrisburg  road, 
near  Rock  Creek,  westward  by  Barlow's  Knoll  to  the  Mummasburg 
road ;  is  20  feet  wide,  and  constructed  on  the  Telford  plan  in  the  best 
manner,  like  all  the  avenues  on  this  field.  Reynolds  avenue,  which 
is  in  two  sections,  will  be  completed,  it  is  hoped,  early  next  spring. 

A  number  of  other  roads  and  avenues  have  been  mentioned  in 
previous  reports  as  urgently  needed  to  render  accessible  important 
and  interesting  sections  of  this  great  battlefield.  The  commissioners 
would  have  pushed  them  this  year  but  for  the  lack  of  adequate  means, 
and  they  will  do  so  as  soon  as  practicable.  Among  them  are  the 
avenues  on  the  cavalry  field  and  the  road  leading  thither. 

The  commission  long  since  constructed  Telford  avenues  along  the 
Confederate  battle  line  of  the  second  and  third  days'  fight  on  Semi- 
nary Ridge,  on  each  extremity  of  said  line,  the  left  of  Hill's  Corps 
and  the  right  of  Longstreet's,  aggregating  over  3  miles  in  length. 
Between  these  two  parts  of  Confederate  avenue  there  is  a  gap  of  2. 
miles  (long)  along  the  left  of  Longstreet's  Corps  and  the  right  of 
Hill's,  across  which  the  commission  have  been  very  anxious  to  con- 
struct a  link  needed  to  connect  the  two  extremities  aforesaid  and  thus 
complete  the  Confederate  avenue  from  the  Chambersburg  pike  north- 
west of  the  town  southward  and  eastward  to  Round  Top,  a  distance 
of  over  5  miles, 

43 


44         GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

No  part  of  this  battlefield  is  more  interesting  than  the  part  covered 
by  that  gap  in  the  Confederate  avenue.  Not  only  did  important 
movements  of  the  second  day's  battle  originate  there,  but  it  was  there 
the  Confederate  column  of  the  third  day  under  Longstreet  was  formed 
and  began  its  advance  on  that  final  charge  led  by  Pickett,  so  sublime 
in  its  daring  and  so  tragic  in  its  fate. 

There  is  no  part  of  this  battlefield  so  inaccessible  as  this.  Encum- 
bered by  bushes  and  briers  and  cross  fences,  with  not  even  an  open 
footpath  over  it,  visitors  here  never  see  this  ground  because  they  can 
not  reach  it. 

The  only  reason  the  commission  have  not  constructed  the  avenue 
over  it  is  because  the  Government  does  not  own  the  land,  not  having 
the  right  of  way,  and  the  owners  of  the  land  ask  such  exorbitant 
prices  for  it  that  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  commission  do  not  feel 
justified  in  paying  them.  More  than  two  years  ago  the  Secretary  of 
War  authorized  and  instructed  the  commission  to  begin  a  proceeding 
in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  to  condemn  the  lands  needed 
for  said  avenue,  together  with  some  adjacent  woodlands,  which  it  was 
important  to  preserve,  the  whole  area  being  105  acres,  and  the  said 
proceeding  was  begun  at  once  and  is  still  pending.  A  jury  of  view 
was  appointed,  inspected  the  lands,  heard  the  testimony  offered  on 
both  sides,  and  made  an  awrard  that  was  liberal  to  the  respondents, 
ranging  from  $46  to  $200  per  acre,  but  they  appealed  to  the  court  in 
term  at  Philadelphia  and  have  since  resorted  to  vexatious  delays  and 
continuances,  so  that  the  case  is  still  pending  and  undetermined.  Thus 
this  important  part  of  the  Confederate  lines  is  prevented  from  being 
opened  and  the  military  positions  on  it  fixed  and  marked  as  intended 
by  the  Government. 

The  commission  wish  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  the  main  hindrance 
to  marking  Confederate  lines  and  positions,  not  only  on  the  grounds 
just  above  spoken  of,  but  on  almost  all  of  this  field,  as  was  the  inten- 
tion of  Congress  in  establishing  the  Gettysburg  National  Park,  is 
that  the  lands  whereon  said  lines  and  positions  are  situated  are  not 
yet  owned  by  the  United  States.  Prompt  action  by  the  courts  in 
condemning  the  needed  lands  when  held  at  exorbitant  prices,  and 
liberal  appropriations  by  Congress  for  the  purchase  of  lands  which 
can  be  bought  at  reasonable  rates,  are  the  two  main  requisites  for  the 
realization  of  the  patriotic  purposes  of  the  Government  with  reference 
to  this  battlefield. 

MARKING   POSITIONS   OF   UNION   TROOPS. 

The  West  Virginia  commission  have  recently  erected  the  following: 
A  granite  monument  to  the  Seventh  West  Virginia  Infantry  on  East 
Cemetery  Hill,  and  three  granite  tablets  marking  temporary  positions 
of  this  regiment  on  the  field  at  different  stages  of  the  battle;  a 
granite  monument  to  the  First  West  Virginia  Artillery  in  the 
National  Cemetery;  a  granite  monument  to  the  First  West  Virginia 
Cavalry  on  the  Taneytown  road  south  of  General  Meade's  headquar- 
ters; a  granite  monument  to  the  Third  West  Virginia  Cavalry  on 
Buford  avenue.  All  these  monuments  were  dedicated  by  appro- 
priate ceremonies  on  the  28th  of  September  ultimo,  attended  by  the 
governor  of  that  State  and  his  staff  with  many  other  citizens,  and  by 
ili'-  S.M-.md  i:«.giinrnt  West  Virginia  Infantry  Volunteers,  which 
marched  here  from  Camp  George  G.  Meade  for  that  purpose. 

The  Maine  commission  have  also,  since  last  report,  erected  stoue 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY   PARK    COMMISSION.          45 

tablets  on  Hancock  avenue,  near  the  high- water  mark,  to  show  the 
position  of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Maine  Infantry  Regiments  on  the 
third  da}-  of  the  battle. 

The  positions  of  the  United  States  regular  troops  in  this  battle, 
consisting  of  11  regiments  of  infantry,  4  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  22 
batteries  of  artillery,  have  been  accurately  located  and  are  carefully 
noted  on  our  maps,  and  also  on  the  ground  by  markers,  so  that  when 
the  Government  shall  take  steps  to  erect  monuments  to  these  troops, 
which  their  gallant  services  here  certainly  entitle  them  to,  there  will 
be  no  difficulty  in  placing  them. 

MARKING  POSITIONS   OF   CONFEDERATE  TROOPS. 

Handsome  and  durable  iron  tablets  with  appropriate  inscriptions 
are  now  being  erected  on  substantial  iron  pillars,  designating  and 
briefly  describing  the  services  rendered  by  each  of  the  following  Con- 
federate batteries,  the  respective  positions  of  which  have  been  marked 
for  some  time  by  mounted  guns  of  like  class  and  caliber  as  those  of 
which  each  battery  was  composed,  viz: 

Taylor's  Virginia  Battery,  Woolfolk's  Ashland  (Va.)  Artillery,  Par- 
ker's Virginia  Battery,  and  Jordan's  Bedford  (Va.)  Artillery,  of  Alex- 
ander's Battalion. 

Manly's  North  Carolina  Artillery,  Eraser's  Pulaski  (Ga.)  Artillery, 
McCarthy's  First  Richmond  Howitzers,  and  Carlton's  Troop  (Ga.) 
Artiller3r,  of  Cabell's  Battalion. 

Bachman's  German  (S.  C.)  Artillery,  Garden's  Palmetto  (S.  C.) 
Light  Artillery,  Latham's  Branch  (N.  C.)  Artillery,  and  Reilly's  Rowan 
(N.  C.)  Artillery,  of  Henry's  Battalion. 

Johnson's  Virginia  Battery,  Rice's  Danville  (Va.)  Artillery,  Hurt's 
Hard  away  (Ala.)  Artillery,  and  Wallace's  Second  Rockbridge  (Va.) 
Artillery,  of  Melntosh's  Battalion. 

Cunningham's  Powhataii  (Va.)  Artillery,  Watson's  Second  Rich- 
mond Howitzers,  and  Smith's  Third  Richmond  Howitzers,  of  Dance's 
Battalion. 

The  above  are  all  the  Confederate  batteries  which  occupied  posi- 
tions on  ground  of  which  the  title  has  yet  been  acquired  by  the  United 
States. 

Inscriptions  are  being  prepared  and  tablets  of  iron  similar  to  those 
mentioned  above  will  shortly  be  erected  to  designate  the  positions  and 
briefly  describe  the  evolutions  and  achievements  of  the  following  Con- 
federate infantry  commands,  viz: 

Kershaw's  Brigade  of  McLaws's  Division,  and  each  of  its  component 
regiments,  the  Second,  Third,  Seventh,  Eighth,  and  Fifteenth  South 
Carolina,  and  Third  South  Carolina  Battalion. 

Semmes's  Brigade  of  McLaws's  Division,  with  its  Tenth,  Fiftieth, 
Fifty-first,  and  Fifty-third  Georgia  Regiments. 

Anderson's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  Seventh,  Eighth, 
Ninth,  Eleventh,  and  Fifty-ninth  Georgia  Regiments. 

Benning's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  Second,  Fifteenth, 
Seventeenth,  and  Twentieth  Georgia  Regiments. 

Robertson's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  First,  Fourth,  and 
Fifth  Texas  and  Third  Arkansas  Regiments. 

Law's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  Fourth,  Fifteenth,  Forty- 
fourth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Alabama  Regiments. 

The  method  of  marking  the  positions  of  troops  on  this  field,  as 
approved  by  the  War  Department,  is  to  place  the  principal  tablet  or 

16175—05 4 


46          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

monument  of  each  command  at  the  position  occupied  by  the  command 
in  the  main  line  of  battle,  and  to  mark  the  several  important  posi- 
tions subsequently  reached  by  each  command  in  the  course  of  the 
battle  by  subordinate  and  ancillary  tablets,  with  appropriate  brief 
inscriptions  giving  interesting  details  and  occurrences  and  noting  the 
day  and  hour  as  nearly  as  possible. 

The  Confederate  commands  above  mentioned  are  the  only  ones 
whose  chief  positions  were  upon  ground  now  owned  by  the  United 
States,  and  are,  therefore,  the  only  ones  which  can  be  marked  until  the 
Government  shall  acquire  the  lands  on  which  they  formed  and  fought. 

The  commission  are  much  gratified  to  notice  an  awakening  of  inter- 
est in  influential  quarters  among  the  people  of  the  Southern  States 
concerning  this  battlefield  and  the  importance  of  erecting  monuments 
to  commemorate  the  heroism  of  their  soldiers  here,  as  the  people  and 
States  of  the  North  have  done,  and  it  is  hoped  that  Congress  will  rec- 
ognize and  foster  this  praiseworthy  sentiment  springing  up  in  the 
South  by  liberal  appropriations  of  the  moneys  needed  to  purchase  and 
acquire  title  to  the  lands  on  which  the  Confederate  troops  operated 
and  where  their  monuments  must  be  placed. 

The  commission  will  not  encumber  this  report  by  going  into  the 
details  of  their  work  or  attempting  to  specify  the  many  minor  expenses, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  a  considerable  sum,  which  are  neces- 
sarily incident  to  the  accomplishment  of  so  great  a  design  as  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park.  They  feel  warranted  in 
declaring  that,  though  yet  incomplete,  this  is  already  the  best  marked 
battlefield  in  the  world,  and  to  all  those  who  desire  to  understand  the 
character  and  the  extent  of  the  work  done,  they  say,  "Come  and  see." 

While  the  commission  are  satisfied  that  they  could  judiciously  and 
economically  use  in  pushing  this  work  during  the  next  year  a  much 
larger  sum,  they  hereby  earnestly  request  and  recommend  that  not 
less  than  $75,000  be  appropriated. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 

The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST  OF   PHOTOGRAPHS  TO   ACCOMPANY  COMMISSIONERS'  REPORT. 

Howard  avenue,  from  Barlow  Knoll. 

Howard  avenue,  east  from  Carlisle  road. 

Howard  avenue,  west  from  Carlisle  road,  showing  shoulder  stones. 

Howard  avenue,  east  from  Mummasburg  road,  ready  for  paving. 

Gen.  John  F.  Reynolds  statue,  from  the  southwest. 

Spangler's  Spring,  foot  of  Culps  Hill. 

Hitching  rail,  Slocum  uvenue,  near  Spangler's  Spring. 

Guard  rail  on  retaining  wall,  Slocum  avenue. 

Hitching  rail,  Slocum  avenue,  summit  of  Gulp's  Hill. 

Style  of  stone  wall  rebuilt  by  the  commission  on  Hancock  avenue. 

Meade  avenue,  from  Taneytown  road. 

Style  of  gate  adopted  by  the  commission. 

Meade  avenue,  from  near  Hancock  avenue,  showing  paved  gutter. 

Sodded  bank  on  Sedgwick  avenue. 

Sodded  bank  on  Sedgwick  avenue  near  Wheatfield  road. 

Guard  rail  on  retaining  wall.  Little  Bound  Top. 

Sodded  bank,  section  6,  Confederate  avenue. 

Crawford  avenue,  from  Wheatfield  road. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          47 

Bridge  on  Crawford  avenue  over  Plum  Run. 

Crawford  avenue,  from  Devil's  Den. 

Guard  chain  and  balls  and  paths  at  Devil's  Den. 

LIST    OF   BLUE  PRINTS  TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'  REPORT. 

324.— Cross  sections  of  the  different  avenues  built  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

325. — Design  for  Spanerler's  Spring. 

326. — Plot  of  land  conveyed  to  the  United  States  by  George  Spangler,  on  which  is 
erected  First  Maryland,  Battery  A,  monument. 

327.— Perspective  and  detail  drawing  of  Spangler's  Spring. 

328. — Plot  of  land  conveyed  by  Nathaniel  Lightner  to  the  United  States  of  America, 
on  which  is  erected  First  New  York,  Battery  M.  monument. 

329. — Guard  rail  on  retaining  wall  along  south  slope  of  Sykes  avenue. 

330. — Guard  rail  for  retaining  wall,  north  slope  of  Little  Round  Top. 

331. — Property  of  Jacob  Masonheimer. 

332.— Seat  of  observation  tower. 

333. — Map  showing  where  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles  was  wounded  July  2,  1863. 

334.— Plot  of  land  conveyed  by  Samuel  Bushman  to  the  United  States  of  America. 

335. — Bridge  over  Crawford  avenue  on  Plum  Run. 

336.— Plot  of  property  conveyed  by  Samuel  O.  Robinson  to  the  United  States. 

337.— Plot  of  property  of  Jacob  Masonheimer  conveyed,  through  Samuel  O.  Rob- 
inson, to  the  United  States  of  America. 

338.— Field  of  Longstreet's  assault,  C-3. 

339.— Plan  of  cellar  drain  at  Dougherty's  house. 

340. — Width  of  tires  on  wagons  used  for  tourists  within  the  Gettysburg  National 
Military  Park. 

341. — United  States  property  and  land  included  within  the  Sickles  bill. 

342.— Property  of  heirs  of  Abraham  Trostle  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

34o. — Hitching  rail  and  posts. 

344. — Drainpipe  on  avenue. 

345.— Pipe  wall,  catch- basin,  and  gutter  paving. 

346. — Gate  to  be  used  in  the  Gettysburg  National  Park. 

347. — Plan  of  water  cart. 

348. — Land  company's  land. 

349. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Calvin  Gilbert  on  Barlow's  Knoll. 

350. — Plot  of  land  belonging  to  land  and  improvement  company  on  which  to  erect 
Reynolds  statue. 

351. — Plot  of  tracts  of  land  belonging  to  heirs  of  J.' Bender. 

352.  —Plan  of  Howard  avenue. 

353. — Plan  of  Reynolds  avenue,  section  1. 

354. — Plan  of  Reynolds  avenue,  section  2. 

355. — Map  showing  obstruction  placed  in  Brooke  avenue,  Gettysburg  battlefield, 
by  the  Gettysburg  Transit  Company. 

356. — Plot  of  land  betonging  to  heirs  of  J.  Bender  on  Barlow's  Knoll. 

357. — Plan  of  path  to  summit  of  Big  Round  Top. 

358.— West  Gettysburg,  B-3. 


ANNUAL  REPORT   FOR  1899 


49 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1899, 


GETTYSBURG,  PA.,  October  2,  1899. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub- 
mit the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  condition  of  their  work, 
with  suggestions  as  to  what  they  think  needful  for  its  successful 
prosecution : 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

Since  the  last  report  an  avenue  along  the  battle  lines  of  the  First 
Army  Corps  on  the  field  of  the  first  day's  battle  has  been  constructed. 
It  is  about  a  mile  and  two-thirds  long,  20  feet  wide,  and  made  on  the 
Telford  plan,  in  the  most  substantial  manner.  The  main  section  is 
called  Reynolds  avenue,  but,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  three  minor  sections  have  been  named,  respectively,  Wadsworth, 
Doubleday,  and  Robinson  avenues. 

The  two  parts  of  Sickles  avenue,  which  were  previously  discon- 
nected, have  been  united  by  constructing  an  avenue,  1,100  feet  in 
length,  along  what  is  known  as  the  Wheatfield  road,  which,  being  a 
public  highway  at  the  time  when  Sickles  avenue  was  made,  could  not 
then  be  occupied  and  improved  as  a  battlefield  avenue,  as  was  like- 
wise the  case  with  all  the  public  roads  within  the  park.  This  diffi- 
culty has  since  been  obviated  by  an  act  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature 
ceding  jurisdiction  of  all  such  roads  to  the  United  States,  and  the  act 
of  Congress  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  improve  such  of  them 
as  in  his  discretion  might  be  deemed  needful.  Sickles  avenue  is  now 
continuous  and  follows,  as  nearly  as  the  contour  of  the  ground  will 
permit,  the  entire  line  of  the  Third  Army  Corps  from  the  Emmitsburg 
road  near  the  Rogers  House  to  the  Devil's  Den. 

There  is  also  being  constructed,  and  now  nearly  completed,  an  ave- 
nue one-half  mile  in  length,  from  Spangler's  spring  around  the  south- 
western slope  and  base  of  Gulp's  Hill,  along  the  line  on  which  the 
Union  forces  formed  on  the  morning  of  July  3  for  the  struggle  to 
recover  their  works  occupied  by  the  Confederates  the  previous  evening. 

The  proceedings  begun  by  us  three  years  ago,  by  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania  to  acquire,  by  condemnation,  five 
tracts  of  land  on  Seminary  Ridge,  and  embracing  2  miles  of  the  Con- 
federate battle  lines  of  the  second  and  third  days,  is  not  yet  con- 
cluded. The  jury  of  view  made  their  award  two  and  a  half  years  ago. 
The  respondents  appealed  to  court  in  term,  where,  after  much  delay 
caused  by  them,  it  was  tried,  and  a  verdict  rendered  last  December 
very  liberal  for  them.  They  availed  themselves  of  the  six  months 
allowed  for  appeal  and  then  carried  the  case  to  the  United  States 
circuit  court  of  appeals.  This  court  is  now  sitting  in  Philadelphia, 

51 


52          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

and  respondents'  counsel  seek  further  delay  by  continuance  to  next 
term. 

One  of  the  five  respondents  has  withdrawn  from  the  contest, 
accepted  the  liberal  sum  ($3,420)  awarded  by  the  jury,  and  conveyed 
to  the  United  States  the  tract  of  land  in  controversy  belonging  to  him. 
We  trust  the  case  will  soon  be  concluded,  and  that  we  may  be  enabled 
to  complete  the  avenue  along  the  Confederate  line  on  Seminary  Ridge. 
Both  ends  of  it  have  long  been  built,  and  the  completion  of  the  2-iui It- 
gap  in  the  center  will  open  up  one  of  the  most  interesting  parts  of  this 
field,  now  almost  inaccessible,  that  part  from  which  the  Confederate 
column  of  the  third  day  moved  out  on  its  brilliant,  though  unsuc- 
cessful, charge. 

A  number  of  other  avenues  should  be  constructed,  among  them  <me 
along  the  Confederate  battle  line  on  the  northeast  side  of  Gulp's  Hill; 
another  from  between  the  Round  Tops  to  Plum  Run  Valley  and 
Devil's  Den;  another  along  the  linoof  Wright's  division,  from  bet  ween 
the  Round  Tops  southeastwardly  across  the  Tarieyl  own  road ;  anol  her 
along  the  line  of  the  Twentieth  Maine,  on  Vincent's  spur  of  Little 
Round  Top;  another  along  Buford's  cavalry  line;  and  others  con- 
necting the  cavalry  fields,  both  south  and  east  of  Gettysburg,  with 
the  infantry  battlefield.  In  some  of  these  cases  it  will  be  necessary 
to  acquire  land  at  reasonable  prices,  the  owners  being  private  citizens 
and  not  speculating  corporations.  The  land  purchased  this  year  in 
different  parcels  is  194.89  acres,  costing  $11,747. 

A  striking  proof  of  the  great  and  general  interest  felt  by  the  people 
with  reference  to  this  battlefield,  and  of  the  importance  of  making  all 
parts  of  it  easily  accessible  by  good  avenues,  appears  in  this  fad, 
stated  by  our  engineer — that  having  caused  a  record  to  be  kept  by  the 
guards  it  was  found  that  about  9,000  vehicles,  carrying  3(i,000  tourists, 
passed  over  the  Hancock  avenue  in  a  single  month. 

MARKING   POSITIONS  OF  TROOPS  AND   BATTERIES. 

The  positions  of  batteries  belonging  to  the  regular  Union  and  Con- 
federate armies  are  marked  usually  by  two  guns  to  each  battery  of  the 
same  class  and  caliber  as  those  which  constituted  the  battery,  and  also 
by  iron  tablets,  supported  by  iron  pillars  deeply  planted  in  the  ground 
and  bearing  appropriate  inscriptions,  the  letters  of  which  are  cast  with 
the  tablet.  The  guns  are  mounted  upon  substantial  iron  gun  car- 
riages set  upon  granite  blocks.  A  number  of  these  have  been  put  in 
position  this  year  and  mounted  with  guns  to  mark  both  Union  and 
Confederate  batteries.  The  commission  have,  up  to  this  date,  mounted 
in  this  manner  207  guns. 

The  positions  of  the  United  States  Regulars  and  of  the  Confederate 
troops  are  and  will  be  marked  by  iron  tablets  similar  to  those  above 
described  and  with  suitable  inscriptions.  Such  tablets  have  already 
been  erected  to  all  Confederate  brigades  whose  lines  are  on  the  ground 
to  which  the  United  States  has  title,  and  as  soon  as  the  Government 
shall  acquire  the  necessary  lands  all  the  other  brigades  will  be  simi- 
larly marked.  We  propose  also  putting  up  appropriate  tablets  to  eacli 
Confederate  regiment,  and  are  taking  steps  to  do  this  as  rapidly  as 
practicable;  likewise  memorials  of  suitable  dignity  to  the  Confederate 
divisions  and  army  corps. 

The  positions  of  the  Union  Regulars  have  all  been  accurately  deter- 
mined, suitable  inscriptions  prepared  for  each  command,  and  the 
tablets  have  been  contracted  for  and  will  soon  be  completed  and 
erected. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  53 

The  number  of  tablets  erected  this  year  to  batteries  and  to  infantry 
and  cavalry  commands,  Union  and  Confederate,  is  65,  and  the  whole 
number  of  such  erected  by  the  commission  to  date  is  91.  The  fore- 
going method  of  marking  positions  on  this  field  has  been  adopted,  and 
is  being  carried  out  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

MONUMENTS. 

The  equestrian  statue  of  General  Reynolds  was  unveiled  on  the  1st 
day  of  July  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

A  monument  to  the  Fourteenth  Vermont  Regiment  was  recently 
erected  by  the -veterans  of  the  .regiment  on  Hancock  avenue,  south  of 
the  Vermont  Brigade  monument. 

A  monument  to  the  Thirteenth  Vermont  Regiment  is  now  being 
erected  just  north  of  the  brigade  monument. 

SENTIMENTS  OF  THE  VETERANS. 
ANNUAL  REUNION  OF  THE  UNITED  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS,  CHARLESTON,  S.  C., 

MAY   10-13.  1899. 

The  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  unanimously  reported  by  the  com- 
mittee and  unanimously  adopted  by  the  veterans: 

"Whereas  the  Government  of  the  United  States  has  undertaken  and  is  pushing 
forward  the  work  of  permanently  marking  the  lines  and  positions  of  the  troops  of 
both  the  contending  armies  on  several  great  battlefields  of  the  civil  war,  among 
them  Gettysburg,  Chickatnauga,  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  others,  with  the  design 
of  making  these  battlefields  permanent  memorials  of  the  prowess  of  American 
soldiers  without  respect  of  section: 

".Re.soZm/,  That  we,  as  Confederate  veterans,  sympathize  with  and  commend  this 
patriotic  purpose  of  the  Government,  and  will  lend  our  influence  and  aid  toward 
its  full  realization. 

"Resolved,  That  we  trust  the  people  of  the  Southern  States  will  take  early  and 
effective  steps  to  erect  upon  these  battlefields  suitable  monuments  in  honor  of  our 
glorious  heroes  in  gray  who  fought  and  died  for  what  they  believed  to  be  right." 

I  certify  that  the  above  and  foregoing  resolutions  were  unanimously  passed  at 
the  Charleston,  S.  C.,  reunion  on  May  12,  1899,  and  the  above  is  a  true  copy  from 
the  minutes  of  the  same.  j  B  GoRDON> 

General  Commanding. 
GEO.  MOORMAN, 
Adjutant-General  and  Chief  of  Staff. 

PREAMBLE  AND  RESOLUTIONS  UNANIMOUSLY  ADOPTED  AT  THE  THIRTY-THIRD  NA- 
TIONAL ENCAMPMENT  OF  THE  GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC,  HELD  IN  THE 
CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  SEPTEMBER  6  AND  7,  1899. 

Whereas  the  first  efforts  ever  made  to  preserve  and  ftilly  mark  a  battlefield  were 
begtin  in  1863,  immediately  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  to  preserve  the  features 
of  that  field  and  to  mark  the  positions  and  movements  of  the  troops  engaged;  this 
was  done  by  loyal  hearts  and  willing  hands  at  a  cost  of  over  $2,000,000.  and  with- 
out any  help  from  Congress;  and 

Whereas  all  this  property  was  transferred  to  the  General  Government  in  1895 
free  of  cost,  and  in  view  of  the  liberal  contributions  by  States,  by  societies,  and  by 
individuals,  there  should  be  more  liberal  appropriations  on  the  part  of  Congress  to 
complete  this  work  on  the  field  where  the  greatest  battle  of  the  war  was  fought — 
one  of  the  greatest  battles  of  modern  times:  Therefore. 

Revolved,  That  we  earnestly  commend  the  Gettysburg  National  Military  Park 
Commission  in  its  work  of  acquiring  lands  of  historical  interest,  of  constructing 
avenues  along  lines  of  battle  otherwise  inaccessible,  in  restoring  and  preserving 
the  original  features  of  the  field,  and  in  marking  with  tablets  and  monuments  the 
positions  and  movements  of  troops,  so-that  the  history  of  the  battle  will  practically 
be  written  on  the  field:  and 

Resolved,  That  we  ask  Congress  to  make  liberal  appropriations  to  enable  the 
commissioners  to  acquire  the  necessary  lands  and  complete  at  an  early  day  the 
work  provided  for  by  the  act  creating  the  park. 

ALBERT  D.  SHAW, 

Commander  in  Chief. 
THOMAS  J.  STEWART, 

Adjutant-General. 


54          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  THIRTIETH  ANNUAL   REUNION  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  ARMY 
OF  THE  POTOMAC,   HELD  AT  PITTSBURG,  PA.,  OCTOBER   11   AND   12,  1899. 

[Extract  from  minutes.] 

The  following  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted: 

The  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  desires  to  express  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  its  high  appreciation  of  the  work  performed  under  the  direction  of  his 
Department  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg,  and  to  commend  the  commission, 
Col.  John  P.  Nicholson,  Maj.  Charles  A.  Richardson,  and  Maj.  William  M.  Rob- 
bins,  for  the  intelligence  and  faithfulness  with  which  they  have  accomplished  the 
indication  and  preservation  of  the  lines  of  battle,  especial  praise  being  due  the 
commission  for  the  character  and  quality  of  the  avenues  and  the  skill  with  which 
the  system  has  been  plotted,  making  communication  with  all  parts  of  the  field 
possible  and  satisfactory.  The  society  also  asks  that  the  continued  support  and 
aid  of  the  Government  be  generously  continued  to  the  commission,  that  they  may 
be  enabled  to  complete  the  undertaking  consistently  with  its  beginning,  and  so 
make  the  national  memorial  at  Gettysburg  worthy  the  fame  and  the  importance 
of  the  greatest  battlefield  of  the  great  war. 

D.  McM.  GREGG, 

Prendent. 
HORATIO  C.  KING, 

Secretary. 

The  commission  are  gratified  to  observe  the  deep  interest  thus  mani- 
fested by  the  veterans  of  both  armies  in  the  great  work  which  we  are 
pushing  forward  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  we  trust  that  Congress  will 
respond  to  the  praiseworthy  sentiment  of  the  veterans  by  suitable 
appropriations  commensurate  with  the  magnitude  and  importance  of 
the  work. 

We  will  not  encumber  this  report  by  going  into  further  details  or 
attempting  to  specify  the  many  minor  expenses  necessarily  incident 
to  the  accomplishment  of  so  important  a  design  as  the  establishment 
of  this  national  military  park.  Though  yet  incomplete,  this  is  already 
the  best  marked  battlefield  in  the  world,  and  all  who  come  to  see  it 
are  surprised  and  delighted. 

While  the  commission  could  judiciously  and  economically  use  in 
pushing  this  work  during  the  next  year  a  much  larger  sum,  they 
earnestly  recommend  that  not  less  than  $100,000  be  appropriated. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 

The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS  ACCOMPANYING  REPORT,  SHOWING  SOME  OF  THE  DETAILS 
OF  THE  WORK  DURING  THE  YEAR. 

1. — Shell,  stones,  and  chain,  Barlow  Knoll. 

2.— Howard  avenue,  looking  west. 

3«— View  of  tower  of  Doubleday  and  Robinson  avenues  and  hitching  rail. 

4. — Wadsworth  avenue,  looking  west. 

•*>•—  From  intersection  of  Wadsworth  and  Reynolds  avenues,  showing  style  of 
tablets  adopted  for  avenues. 

6.— Reynolds  avenue,  looking  south  from  Reynolds  Grove. 

7.— Piked  roadway  through  Reynolds  Grove. 

8.— Menchy's  Spring,  foot  of  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

9.— Geary  avenue  on  Gulp's  Hill,  near  Spanglers  Spring,  showing  foundation 

and  shoulder  stones. 

10.— Geary  avenue  along  ravine  in  front  of  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Penn- 
sylvania monument. 

11.— Geary  avenue  from  near  Spangler's  Spring. 
12.— Geary  avenue  from  intersection  with  Slocum  avenue. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         55 

13. — Section  Kinzie's  Battery  L,  Fifth  United  States. 

14. — Rugg's  Battery  F,  Fourth  United  States,  and  Kinzie's  Battery  K,  Fifth 

United  States. 

15. — Section  Taf t's  Fifth  New  York  (Evergreen  Cemetery) . 
16. — Dilger's  Battery  I,  First  Ohio  (National  Cemetery). 
17. — Bancroft's  Battery  G,  Fourth  United  States  (National  Cemetery). 
18. — Eakin's  Battery  H.  First  United  States  (National  Cemetery). 
19.— Hill's  Battery  C,  First  West  Virginia  (National  Cemetery). 
20.— McCartney's  Battery  A,  First  Massachusetts  (National  Cemetery). 
21.— Hall's  Second  Maine  Battery. 
22.— Edgell's  First  New  Hampshire  Battery. 
23. — Breastworks  in  Patterson  field  east  of  Hancock  avenue. 
24.— Stone  wall  rebuilt  on  Sedgwick  avenue. 
25.— Wheatfield  road  connecting  Sickles  avenue. 
26. — Path  to  summit  of  Big  Round  Top  from  avenue. 
27. — Path  near  summit  of  Big  Round  Top. 

28. — Path  near  summit  of  Big  Round  Top,  looking  toward  base  of  hill. 
29. — Vista  near  summit  of  Big  Round  Top,  showing  the  Sphinx. 
30. — Law's  Brigade  tablet,  section  5,  Confederate  avenue. 
31. — Taylor's  and  Parker's  Battery,  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
82. — Carlton's  Battery,  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 

LIST   OF  BLUE    PRINTS  ACCOMPANYING    REPORT,   SHOWING  SOME    OF  THE    DETAILS 
OF  THE  WORK  DURING  THE  YEAR. 

359.  —Stonework  for  Menchy's  Spring. 

360.— Tract  belonging  to  Henry  Osborn. 

362.— Tract  belonging  to  Alex.  Little. 

363.— A  monument  to  mark  Camp  Letterman. 

364. — A  monument  to  mark  headquarters  Fifth  Army  Corps. 

365. — Property  of  heirs  of  Abraham  Trostle. 

366. — Camping  ground  for  Second  West  Virginia  Regiment. 

367.-  -Map  of  Stevens  Knoll. 

368. — Map  of  avenues  and  roads. 

369. — Position  of  chain  and  balls  on  Barlow  Knoll. 

370. — Map  showing  tracts  exchanged  between  William  Patterson  and  Simon  J. 

Codori. 

371.— Corps  badges. 
372.— Drain  pipe  on  Howard  avenue. 
373. — Plot  of  Fourteenth  Connecticut  Regiment. 
374. — Cast-iron  tablet  and  stand. 
375.— Corps  badges. 

376. — Land  and  Improvement  Company's  land. 
377. — Drain  pipe  near  Bryan  House. 

378. — Map  showing  road  around  Twenty-eighth  Massachusetts  monument. 
379.— Map  showing  road  around  Twenty-eighth  Massachusetts  monument. 
380. — Grand  Army  badges. 
381. — Grand  Army  badges. 

38'2. — Plan  for  piked  roadway  through  Reynolds  Grove. 
383. — Orchard  on  Trostle  farm. 
384.— Plan  of  avenue  along  south  base,  Culp's  Hill. 
385.-  Property  of  L.  Trostle. 
386. — Plan  of  ground  around  Reynolds  statue. 
387.— Plan  of  steps  on  Little  Round  Top. 
389. — Property  of  Samuel  M.  Bushman. 
390. — Plan  of  addition  to  stable. 

391. — Cross  section  showing  plan  for  surfacing  avenue. 
392.— Avenue  from  Sykes  to  Crawford  avenue. 
393. — Design  for  division  tablet. 
394. — South  Emmitsburg  road. 
395.— Powers  Hill. 
396.— East  Gettysburg. 
397. — Map  showing  line  of  proposed  avenue  through  Culp's  property. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  1900 


57 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1900, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October®,  1900. 

SIR:  The  commissioners  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Military  Park 
respectfully  submit  the  following  report  concerning  their  work,  its 
condition  and  progress,  with  some  suggestions  as  to  what  is  needed  for 
its  further  prosecution: 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

The  total  length  of  the  avenues  now  on  the  battlefield,  which  are  all 
constructed  on  the  Telford  system,  is  nearly  15  miles.  An  avenue, 
known  at  present  as  East  Confederate  avenue,  is  just  completed  from 
the  eastern  border  of  the  town  across  the  intervening  fields  to  Gulp's 
Hill,  and  around  the  base  of  that  hill  to  Spangler's  Spring.  It  is  20 
feet  wide  and  nearly  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  and  follows  substantially 
the  battle  line  of  Ewell's  Confederate  Corps.  At  its  southeastern  ter- 
minus it  joins  Slocum  avenue,  which  marks  the  line  of  the  Twelfth 
Corps  along  the  summit  of  Gulp's  Hill. 

The  land  along  the  summit  of  Seminary  Ridge  having  recently  been 
acquired  by  the  conclusion  of  the  long  pending  condemnation  cases,  a 
contract  has  been  made  for  the  construction  of  an  avenue  20  feet  wide 
and  two  miles  in  length  along  that  ridge,  and  work  thereon  has  begun. 
This  avenue  follows  the  Confederate  line  of  battle,  and  when  completed 
the  entire  line  of  Longstreet's  and  Hill's  corps  on  the  second  and 
third  da}rs  of  the  battle,  including  the  part  from  which  the  charge  of 
the  third  day  was  made,  will  be  indicated  and  rendered  easily  accessi- 
ble by  a  Telford  avenue. 

A  number  of  other  avenues  should  be  constructed  on  the  Telford 
system,  among  them  Buford  avenue  on  the  first  day's  field;  another 
along  the  line  of  the  Twentieth  Maine  on  Vincent's  Spur  and  thence 
to  Plum  Run  Valley  and  Devil's  Den;  another  along  the  line  of 
Wright's  Division  from  between  the  Round  Tops  southeastward^ 
across  the  Taneytown  road,  Pleasonton  avenue  and  others  connecting 
the  cavalry  fields  and  positions,  both  east  and  south  of  Gettysburg, 
with  the  infantry  battlefield. 

The  Taneytown  road  from  the  borough  line  to  a  point  beyond 
General  Meade's  headquarters  should  be  converted  into  a  Telford 
avenue,  and  so  should  the  Mummasburg  road  from  the  end  of  Howard 
avenue  to  Buford  avenue;  also  the  Fairfield  road  from  the  south  end  of 

59 


60         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

Reynolds  avenue  to  Confederate  avenue;  the  Wheatfield  road  across 
the  entire  battlefield  from  east  to  west,  and  the  road  leading  from 
Crawford  avenue  to  United  States  avenue. 

POSITIONS  OF   TROOPS  AND   BATTERIES   ESTABLISHED    AND    MARKED. 

Gun  carriages  with  mounted  guns  have  been  erected  on  the  field 
since  the  last  report. 

The  section  of  Calef's  battery  on  Reynolds  avenue  has  been  marked 
by  two  3-inch  rifles  mounted  on  iron  gun  carriages  and  b}'  a  monumental 
tablet  with  an  appropriate  inscription. 

The  section  of  Smith's  New  York  battery  on  Crawford  avenue  in 
Plum  Run  Valley  has  been  marked  by  two  10-pounder  Parrotts  mounted 
on  iron  gun  carriages  and  by  a  monumental  tablet  with  an  appropriate 
inscription. 

Two  additional  gun  carriages  mounted  with  Napoleons  have  been 
placed  with  Wilkeson's  battery  on  Barlow's  Knoll. 

Two  additional  gun  carriages  mounted  with  3-inch  rifles  have  been 
placed  with  Wheeler's  battery  on  Howard  avenue. 

Two  additional  gun  carriages  mounted  with  Napoleons  have  been 
placed  with  Dilger  s  battery  on  Howard  avenue. 

Two  additional  gun  carriages  mounted  with  3-inch  rifles  have  been 
placed  with  Reygolds's  battery  on  Reynolds  avenue. 

Two  additional  gun  carriages  mounted  with  10-pounder  Parrotts 
have  been  placed  with  Smith's  New  York  battery  on  Sickles  avenue 
near  Devil's  Den. 

Two  gun  carriages  mounted  with  light  12-pounders  have  been  placed 
on  Hancock  avenue  to  mark  the  position  of  Ames's  battery,  heretofore 
marked  by  a  small  stone  monument  only. 

One  additional  gun  carriage  mounted  with  a  Napolron  has  been 
placed  with  Heckman's  battery  at  the  junction  of  Carlisle  and  Lincoln 
streets  in  Gettysburg. 

There  are  now  225  mounted  guns  on  the  battlefield,  all  of  which 
have  been  placed  by  this  commission. 

Mounted  guns  had  been  placed  on  the  field  before  the  Government 
took  charge  of  it,  but  the  carriages  were  poorly  constructed  and  the 
guns  not  of  the  same  kind  as  those  used  in  the  battle.  Now  gun  car- 
riages constructed  entirely  of  iron,  closely  resembling  the  wooden 
carriages  have  been  substituted  for  the  old,  imperfect  ones,  and  are 
also  used  for  the  many  additional  batteries  set  up  by  the  commission; 
and  the  guns  mounted  on  every  battery  of  the  field  are  of  the  same 
class  and  caliber  as  were  used  in  the  battle  by  each  battery,  respectively. 

TABLETS. 

Since  the  last  report  the  following  tablets  have  been  set  up,  viz: 
Monumental  tablets  of  iron  with  appropriate  inscriptions  have  been 
erected  on  the  knoll  west  of  Plum  Run  Valley  and  near  The  Wheat- 
field,  to  mark  the  positions  of  the  Second,  Third,  Fourth,  Sixth,  Sev- 
enth, Tenth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  Fourteenth,  and  Seventeenth  regi- 
ments, United  States  Infantry,  of  Burbank's  and  Day's  brigades, 
Avres's  division. 

The  positions  of  the  following  Confederate  brigades  of  EwelPs  Corps 
have  been  marked  by  monumental  tablets  of  iron  erected  along  East 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          61 

Confederate  avenue,  with  appropriate  inscriptions  describing  the  part 
each  took  in  the  battle,  with  its  numbers  and  losses,  viz: 

Jones's  Virginia  brigade,  Nicholls's  Louisiana  brigade,  Stuart's  Vir- 
ginia, North  Carolina,  and  Maryland  brigades,  Walker's  Virginia  bri- 
gade of  Johnson's  division. 

Hoke's  North  Carolina  brigade,  Hays's  Louisiana  brigade,  Smith's 
Virginia  brigade,  Gordon's  Georgia  brigade  of  Early's  division. 

Daniel's  North  Carolina  brigade,  O'Neal's  Alabama  brigade  of  Rodes's 
division. 

Avenue  tablets  as  follows:  Four  on  Howard  avenue,  4  on  Reynolds 
avenue,  2  on  Doubleday  avenue,  1  on  Robinson  avenue,  1  on  Wads- 
worth  avenue,  1  on  Neill  avenue,  2  on  Geary  avenue,  1  on  Coster 
avenue,  2  on  Crawford  avenue. 

Caution  tablets  as  follows:  Five  on  Howard  avenue,  2  on  Doubleday 
avenue,  1  on  Robinson  avenue,  1  on  Wadsworth  avenue,  2  on  Rey- 
nolds avenue,  2  on  Geary  avenue. 

Direction  and  distance  tablets  have  been  placed,  1  on  each  of  the  5 
observation  towers,  giving  the  true  direction  and  distance  of  each  and 
all  of  the  most  important  features  and  positions  on  the  field  as  seen 
from  each  tower,  respectively. 

Tablets  have  been  erected  marking  important  historic  places  on  the 
battlefield,  viz:  Spangler's  Spring,  Culp's  Hill,  Stevens  Knoll,  East 
Cemetery  Hill,  Ziegler's  Grove,  Bryan  House,  The  Angle,  George 
Weikert  House,  Trostle  House,  Excelsior  Field,  The  Loop,  Devil's 
Den,  Little  Round  Top,  The  Wheatfield  (2),  Barlow's  Knoll,  Oak 
Ridge,  Reynolds  Woods. 

There  have  also  been  erected  on  all  the  roads  radiating  from  Gettys- 
burg, 12  in  all,  handsome  tablets  of  iron  giving  the  distances  to  neigh- 
boring towns  and  villages  more  or  less  connected  with  the  story  of  the 
battle,  viz: 

On  the  Chambersburg  pike  from  Gettysburg  to  Cashtown;  from 
Gettysburg  to  Chambersburg. 

On  the  Hagerstown  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Fairfield;  from  Gettys- 
burg to  Monterey;  from  Gettysburg  to  Waynesboro;  from  Gettys- 
burg to  Hagerstown. 

On  the  Emmitsburg  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Emmitsburg. 

On  the  Taneytown  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Taneytown. 

On  the  Baltimore  pike  from  Gettysburg  to  Two  Taverns;  from 
Gettysburg  to  Littlestown;  from  Gettysburg  to  Westminster;  from 
Gettysburg  to  Baltimore. 

On  Hanover  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Cavalry  Field;  from  Gettys- 
burg to  Bonneauville;  from  Gettysburg  to  Hanover. 

On  York  pike  from  Gettysburg  to  New  Oxford;  from  Gettysburg 
to  York. 

On  Hunterstown  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Hunterstown. 

On  Harrisburg  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Heidlersburg;  from  Gettys- 
burg to  York  Springs;  from  Gettysburg  to  Harrisburg. 

On  Carlisle  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Carlisle. 

On  Newville  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Newville. 

On  Mummasburg  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Mummasburg;  from 
Gettysburg  to  Arendtsville. 

The  number  of  tablets  erected  since  last  report  is  86,  and  total  now 
on  the  field  310. 

16175—05 5 


62          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

WORK  OF  ENGINEER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Engineer,  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  and  his  assistants,  have  con- 
tinued their  surve3Ts  within  the  limits  of  the  battlefield,  and  maps  of 
the  area  surveyed  have  been  drawn,  traced,  and  blue  printed.  The}T 
have  also  in  progress  a  map  drawn  upon  a  scale  of  600  feet  to  the  inch, 
embracing  the  principal  operations  of  both  armies  on  this  field.  This 
map  will  be  45  inches  long  and  29  inches  wide,  embracing  17  square 
miles,  with  eveiy  detail  of  topography  accuratelv  represented. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  the  commission  to  have  tne  positions  of  every 
battery,  battalion,  regiment,  brigade,  and  division  at  each  hour  of  the 
battle  accurately  placed  upon  the  necessary  number  of  copies  of  this 
map,  viz: 

Nine  copies  showing  positions  of  troops  at  each  hour  from  9  a.  in.  to 
5  p.  m.  of  the  first  day's  battle. 

Twelve  copies  showing  positions  of  troops  at  each  hour  from  9  a.  m. 
to  9  p.  in.  of  the  second  day's  battle. 

Fourteen  copies  showing  positions  of  troops  at  each  hour  from  4 
a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  of  the  third  day's  battle. 

The  whole  area  embraced  in  this  map  has  been  surve3red  and  the  map 
itself  will  be  completed  in  the  early  part  of  the  coming  winter,  so  that 
the  positions  of  the  troops  can  be  placed  upon.it. 

PRESERVING   AND   RESTORING   THE   FIELD. 

Much  work  has  been  and  is  being  done  to  restore  and  preserve  the 
features  of  the  battlefield  as  the}7  existed  at  the  time  of  the  battle. 
This  includes  the  repairing  and  rebuilding  of  the  stone  fences  and 
walls  which  served  as  important  military  defenses,  the  restoring  and 
preservation  of  buildings,  also  the  renewal  of  forests  where  they  have 
been  cut  away  since  the  battle.  Thousands  of  young  trees  have  been 
planted  for  this  purpose  and  are  growing  finely.  Much  care  is  also 
taken  to  preserve  and  keep  in  good  condition  the  forests  which  existed 
at  the  time  of  the  battle  on  lands  since  acquired  and  now  owned  by  the 
Government.  Particular  care  is  also  taken  to  avoid  cutting  awa^y  and 
changing  the  natural  surface  of  the  ground  when  constructing  the 
avenues.  Fortunately  the  lines  of  both  armies  mainly  occupied  ridges, 
slopes,  and  valleys  of  such  character  that  avenues  can  be  constructed 
so  as  to  follow  those  lines  closely  without  seriously  disfiguring  the 
ground  with  cuts  and  fills  in  grading.  Contracts  also  have  been  made 
for  procuring  the  material  and  building  10,000  feet  of  post  and  rail 
fencing  to  inclose  sundry  tracts  of  Government  land,  ana  likewise  for 
furnishing  the  structural  steel  tubing  and  erecting  pipe  fences  where 
needed  along  the  Telford  avenues. 

ACQUISITION   OF   LANDS. 

As  previously  mentioned,  the  title  to  the  five  tracts  of  land  on  Semi- 
nary Kidge  embraced  in  the  condemnation  cases  has  at  length  been 
secured  to  the  United  States.  One  of  the  respondents  some  time  since 
withdrew  from  the  contest,  executed  conveyance  of  his  tract,  and  was 
paid  the  sum  awarded  him  by  the  jury.  The  other  respondents,  having 
sought  a  new  trial  and  failed  to  secure  it,  being  served  with  a  rule  to 
show  cause  why  the  court  should  not  render  judgment  vesting  in  the 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         63 

United  States  the  title  to  their  respective  tracts  of  lands  and  directing 
the  money  awarded  therefor  by  the  jury  to  be  paid  into  court  for 
them,  ceased  to  contend  further  and  consented  to  such  judgment,  which 
has  now  been  rendered  and  executed.  These  five  tracts  contain  105.79 
acres  on  Seminary  Ridge,  where  an  avenue  2  miles  long  is  now  being 
constructed,  as  previously  mentioned  herein. 

Since  the  last  report  22  acres  of  land  lying  along  the  north  side  of 
United  States  avenue  and  embracing  important  military  positions  have 
been  purchased  from  the  Swisher  heirs. 

Also  40. 95  acres  have  been  purchased  from  the  Gulp  heirs,  and  it  is 
upon  this  land,  together  with  a  tract  previously  purchased  from  S.  M. 
Bushman,  that  the  East  Confederate  avenue  has  ]ust  been  constructed. 

Also  the  Francis  Althoff  tract  of  12.76  acres  and  the  Basil  Biggs 
tract  of  48  acres,  both  tracts  purchased,  but  the  conveyances  have  not 
yet  been  delivered. 

There  are  other  important  tracts  and  parcels  of  land  which  should 
be  owned  by  the  United  States,  but  the  acquisition  of  them  must  await 
further  appropriations  by  Congress. 

There  are  also  certain  tracts  and  parcels  of  land  which  should  by  all 
means  be  acquired  by  the  Government,  in  order  to  prevent  them  from 
being  put  to  uses  such  as  are  contemplated  by  the  owners,  which  would 
seriously  mar  and  disfigure  the  park  and  battlefield,  and  they  can  not 
be  acquired  by  purchase  except  at  prices  absurdly  exorbitant,  but  must 
be  secured,  if  at  all,  by  condemnation.  Such  proceedings  will  be  insti- 
tuted by  the  commission,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 
Part  of  the  appropriation  which  has  been  asked  for  by  the  commission 
for  the  next  fiscal  year  is  asked  for  with  a  view  to  the  institution  of 
such  proceedings,  which  is  of  vital  importance. 

The  commission  are  proud  to  be  able  to  say  that  the  multitudes  of 
visitors  who  throng  the  Gettysburg  National  Park,  including  thousands 
of  veterans  of  both  armies  that  fought  here,  are  not  only  unanimous 
in  approving  the  Government's  design  to  make  this  battlefield  a  splendid 
monument  to  American  valor,  but  are  equally  emphatic  in  their  com- 
mendation of  the  manner  in  which  that  design  is  being  carried  out. 

(Resolutions  expressing  commendation  of  the  work  are  attached.) 

The  commission  asks  for  an  appropriation  of  $80,000  for  the  next 
year,  and  they  earnestly  hope  that  the  sum  appropriated  may  not  fall 
below  that. 

Respectfully, 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON,  Chairman, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 

The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  ARMY  VETERAN  ASSOCIATIONS. 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  THIRD  ARMY  CORPS  UNION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  May  22,  1900. 

[Minutes — Extract.] 
******* 

The  veterans  of  the  Third  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  having  revisited  the 
battlefield  of  Gettysburg  and  observed  the  restoration  of  the  field  and  its  earthworks 


64          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

and  the  tablets  and  cannon  to  indicate  the  positions  and  movements  of  troops,  and 
the  permanent  avenues  along  or  near  the  lines  of  battle  so  graded  and  constructed  as 
to  make  the  most  difficult  part  of  the  field  accessible,  do  therefore  now  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Third  Army  Corps  Union,  held  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  this  22d  day  of 
May,  1900, 

Rexolved,  That  \ve  hereby  express  our  high  appreciation  of  the  work  done  by  the 
Gettysburg  National  Park  Commi&sion  as  to  its  thoroughness,  permanence,  economy, 
accuracy,  and  appropriateness,  and  that  we  ask  Congress  to  make  liberal  appropria- 
tions sufficient  to  enable  the  commission  to  secure  the  lands  needed  for  the  park  and 
to  complete  at  an  early  day  the  work  provided  for  by  the  national-park  act. 

JOSEPH  H.  TWICHELL,  President. 

WM.  H.  HOWARD,  Secretary. 


SOCIETY  OK  THE  ARMY  OK  THE  POTOMAC. 

PROCEEDINGS  OK  THE  TIIIKTY-KIKST  ANNUAL  REUNION  OK  THE  SOCIETY  OK  THE  ARMY 
OK  THE  IVTOMAC,  AT  KREDERICK8BURG,  VA.,  MAY  25-26,  1900. 

[Extract.] 

fc  *  *  *  *  •    #  * 

The  following  was  unanimously  adopted: 

"The  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  wishes  to  express  to  the  Secretary  of 
\Var  its  great  appreciation  of  the  work  accomplished  by  the  War  Department  on  the 
Gettysburg  battlefield,  and  to  commend  the  United  States  commission,  Col.  John  P. 
Nicholson,  Maj.  William  M.  Robbins,  and  Maj.  Charles  A.  Richardson,  for  the 
faithfulness  with  which  they  have  preserved  and  are  marking  the  lines  of  battle  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  making  avenues 
of  the  highest  character,  and  the  skill  with  which  the  entire  work  is  being  done. 

"The  society  asks  that  the  continued  aid  of  Congress  be  given  to  the  commission 
that  they  may  be  enabled  to  complete  the  great  undertaking  consistent  with  its  con- 
ception and  so  make  the  National  Memorial  Park  at  Gettysburg  worthy  of  the  fame 
of  the  men  who  fought  there  in  1863." 

W.  J.  SEWELL,  President. 

HORATIO  C.  KING,  Secretary. 


TniRTY-KOURTH  ANNUAL  ENCAMPMENT  OK  THE 
DEPARTMENT  OK  PENNSYLVANIA,  GRAND  ARMY  OK  THE  REPUBLIC, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  June  6-7,  1900. 

[Extract.] 

***#*** 
"Raotocd,  That  we  have  noted  with  great  satisfaction  the  progreas  of  the  work  of 
the  United  States  commission  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg,  and  we  earnestly  com- 
mend their  great  work  to  the  Secretary  of  War  and  to  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  and  we  hope  that  liberal  appropriations  may  be  made  to  acquire  and  to 
improve  the  lands  necessary  to  complete  the  admirable  plans  which  the  commission 
has  adopted. 

"Resolved,  That  copies  of  the  foregoing  resolution  be  properly  attasted  and  for- 
warded to  the  Secretary  of  War  and  to  the  presiding  officers  of  the  Houses  of  Con- 
gress." 
The  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted. 

******* 

JAS.  F.  MORRISON,  Commander 
THOS.  J.  STEWART, 

Acting  Assistant  Adjutant-General. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         65 


[Extract  from  the  proceedings  of  the  Thirty-fourth  National  Encampment,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  held  at  Chicago,  111.,  August  29  and  30,  1900.] 

THE   REPORT   OF   THE   COMMITTEE   ON    RESOLUTIONS. 

The  committee  recommended  that  the  following,  submitted  by  Past  Commander 
in  Chief  Wagner,  be  adopted,  and  the  recommendation  was  concurred  in: 

"The  Thirty-lourth  National  Encampment,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  desires  to 
put  upon  record  the  following  statement  of  the  condition  of  the  work  of  marking  the 
battlefield  of  Gettysburg,  and  to  congratulate  the  United  States  commission  having 
charge  of  the  work  upon  its  successful  prosecution: 

' '  We  also  respectfully  request  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  to  make  continued 
liberal  appropriation  for  the  further  necessary  securing  of  the  land  occupied  by  the 
armies  fighting  this  battle  and  for  the  proper  marking  thereof." 

UNITED  STATES  PROPERTY  IN  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK,  ALSO  THE  PROGRESS  OP 
THE  WORK  IN  MARKING  THE  BATTLEFIELD  BY  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK 
COMMISSION. 

One  thousand  two  hundred  and  twenty-one  acres  of  land  have  been  acquired  by 
the  commission,  upon  which  have  been  erected  by  States  and  military  organizations 
447  monuments,  principally  granite  and  of  large  dimensions  and  appropriate  designs. 

Twenty-four  Telford  avenues,  13  miles  long  in  the  aggregate,  have  been  completed 
by  the  commission. 

One  Telford  avenue  is  under  construction  1J  miles  long;  another  Telford  avenue, 
2  miles  long,  is  about  to  be  placed  under  contract. 

By  the  spring  of  1901  there  will  be  completed  16  miles  and  over  of  the  very  best 
quality  of  Telford  avenues  upon  the  field. 

Twenty-two  avenues  14  miles  in  length  are  yet  to  be  built  to  complete  the  road 
system  contemplated. 

Five  steel  towers  have  been  erected,  and  96  battery  positions  have  been  marked 
with  225  guns  mounted  upon  iron  gun  carriages. 

Two  hundred  and  ninety-five  tablets  of  large  size  and  appropriate  design  have  been 
set  up  to  mark  the  positions  of  Confederate  batteries,  battalions,  regiments,  and 
brigades. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty-four  stones,  mounted  with  shells,  10  inch  and  13  inch,  have 
been  set  up  for  various  purposes  on  the  field,  particularly  to  protect  the  curves  of 
avenues. 

LEO  RASSIEUR,  Commander  in  Chief. 

FRANK  M.  STERRETT,  Adjutant-General. 


LIST   OF    PHOTOGRAPHS   TO    ACCOMPANY   COMMISSION'S   REPORT. 

Hurt's  Hardaway  (Alabama)  Artillery  of  Whitworth  guns  in  Shultz's  Grove. 

Style  of  tablet  adopted  showing  distance  to  other  towns. 

Ctmningbam's  battery,  Seminary  avenue. 

Dilger's  First  Ohio  Battery,  Howard  avenue. 

Stevens  Knoll,  shoXving  "position  for  statue  to  General  Slocum. 

Spangler's  Spring,  foot  of  Gulp's  Hill. 

Entrance  to  East  Confederate  avenue  from  Slocum  avenue. 

Style  of  tablet  adopted  to  mark  historical  places. 

Smith's  Fourth  New  York  Battery,  west  of  Devil's  Den. 

Section  of  Smith's  Fourth  New  York  Battery,  Crawford  avenue. 

Semmes's  brigade  tablet,  Confederate  avenue,  section  4. 

Benning's  brigade  tablet,  Confederate  avenue,  section  5. 

Twelfth  United  States  Infantry  tablet,  Day's  brigade,  in  grove  south  of  Wheat- 
field. 

Eleventh  United  States  Infantry  tablet,  Burbank's  brigade,  in  grove  south  of 
Wheatfield. 

Tablet  marking  Excelsior  field. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 


LIST   OF    BUTE    PRINTS    ACCOMPANYING    REPORT   OF    1900. 

886. — Plan  of  avenue  through  United  States  and  Masonheimer  properties. 

399. — Position  of  Fourteenth  Vermont  monument. 

400. — Map  showing  property  of  F.  Althoff  and  surrounding  United  States  properties. 

401. — Property  of  S wisher  heirs. 

402. — Property  of  Francis  A.  Althoff. 

403. — Tracts  of  land  belonging  to  heirs  of  Henry  Gulp. 

404.— Middle  Willoughby  Run,  C— 2. 

405. — Position  on  Gulp's  Hill  of   the  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  New  York 

marker. 

406. — Proposed  avenue  around  First  Vermont  Cavalry  monument. 
407. — Map  showing  all  the  property  of  the  Gettysburg  Springs  and  Hotel  Gompany 

south  of  the  Fairfield  road. 

408. — Plan  of  culverts  1  and  2  to  be  built  on  avenue  through  Gulp  property. 
409. — Plan  of  arch  bridge  over  Gulp's  Run. 
410. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  heirs  of  Henry  Gulp. 
411. — Post  for  fencing. 

412. — Plan  of  avenue  through  Gulp  property. 
413. — Gate  adopted  for  the  Gettysburg  National  Park. 
414. — Proposed  piking  of  the  intersection  of  East  Middle  and  Liberty  streets  at  the 

entrance  to  East  Confederate  avenue. 

415. — Design  for  bridge  on  Reynolds  avenue  over  Western  Maryland  Railroad. 
416. — Property  of  George  E.  Stock  in  Butler  township. 
417. — Stonework  for  the  spring  on  Hancock  avenue. 
418. — Maj.  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles  wounded  July  2,  1863,  marker. 
419. — Lands  belonging  to  the  Fred.  Pfeffer  heirs'near  Ziegler's  Grove. 
420. — Plan  of  boring  holes  in  iron  posts  on  retaining  walls. 
421. — Plan  of  Confederate  avenue  along  Seminary  Ridge  from  section  1  to  section  4 

Wheat-field  road. 


67 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NAT10N4L  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  "WAR,  1901,    • 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa. ,  October  1,  1901. 

SIR:  The  commissioners  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park  respect- 
fully submit  the  following  report  of  the  condition  and  progress  of 
their  work,  with  suggestions  as  to  what  is  needed  for  its  further  pros- 
ecution. In  accordance  with  your  recent  order,  this  report,  unlike  all 
previous  ones,  does  not  include  our  work  to  the  present  date,  but  to 
the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  June  30,  1901. 

MILITARY    AVENUES. 

The  avenue  known  at  present  as  West  Confederate  avenue  and  men- 
tioned in  our  last  report  as  being  under  contract  has  been  completed. 
Like  all  the  avenues,  it  is  constructed  on  the  Telford  s^ystem  and  will 
last  for  centuries.  It  is  20  feet  wide  and  over  2  miles  long,  running 
from  the  Hagerstown  road  near  the  seminary  southward  along  Semi- 
nary Ridge,  following  the  Confederate  battle  line  of  the  second  and 
third  days,  and  for  the  first  time  rendering  perfectly  accessible  to  vis- 
itors the  ground  on  which  the  Confederate  column  was  formed  and 
started  on  its  charge  of  the  third  day.  The  southern  terminus  of  this 
avenue  is  at  the  Wheatfield  road,  and  there  it  makes  connection  with 
an  avenue,  also  2  miles  in  length  and  similar  in  construction,  running 
along  the  line  of  General  Longstreet  on  the  second  day,  and  then  curv- 
ing eastward  to  Round  Top.  It  may  not  be  amiss,  as  it  shows  the 
durable  character  of  these  works,  to  state  the  fact  that  the  last-men- 
tioned avenue  was  constructed  six  years  ago,  has  been  in  use  ever  since, 
scarcely  cost  one  cent  for  repairs,  and  is,  if  possible,  in  better  condition 
to-da}7  than  when  the  Government  received  it  from  the  contractor. 

The  completion  of  the  West  Confederate  avenue  not  only  makes 
accessible  the  lines  and  positions  of  the  Confederate  infantry  and 
artillery  on  Seminary  Ridge,  but  opens  up  a  more  satisfactory  view  of 
a  large  part  of  the  battlefield,  including  some  of  the  most  important 
and  interesting  Union  positions,  thereby  enabling  the  military  eritV 
better  than  ever  before  to  study  the  scene  of  the  great  conflict  and  many 
of  its  more  prominent  features  from  various  points  of  observation. 

Pleasonton  avenue  has  been  laid  out  by  the  engineer  and  is  now  bein^ 
constructed.  It  runs  from  Hancock  avenue,  near  the  point  where 
General  Hancock  was  wounded,  eastward  to  the  headquarters  of  the 
cavalry  on  the  Taneytown  road,  about  one-third  of  a  mile.  The  total 

69 


70         GETTYSBURG    "NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

length  of  the  avenues  now  on  the  battlefield,  all  constructed  on  the 
Telford  plan,  is  about  16£  miles. 

A  number  of  other  avenues  should  be  constructed,  among  them 
Buford  avenue  on  the  first  day's  field,  another  along  the  line  of  the 
Twentieth  Maine  on  Vincent's  Spur  of  Little  Round  Top  and  thence 
to  Plum  Run  Valley  and  Devil's  Den,  another  along  the  line  of 
Wright's  Division,  the  left  of  the  Sixth  Corps,  from  between  the 
Round  Tops  southeastwardly  across  the  Taneytown  road,  and  others 
connecting  the  cavalry  battlefields  and  positions,  both  east  and  south 
of  GettA'sburg,  with  the  battlefield  of  the  infantry. 

Under  permit  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Taneytown  road,  from 
the  borough  line  of  Gettysburg  to  a  point  beyond  General  Meade's 
headquarters,  will  soon  be  converted  into  a  Telford  avenue.  The 
same,  in  our  judgment,  should  be  done  with  the  Mummasburg  road 
from  the  western  end  of  Howard  avenue  to  Buford  avenue,  also  the 
Hagerstown  road  from  the  southern  end  of  Reynolds  avenue  to  the 
Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge,  also  the  Wheatfield  road 
across  the  entire  battlefield  from  east  to  west  and  the  road  leading 
from  Crawford  avenue  to  United  States  avenue. 

MONUMENTAL   TABLETS. 

The  flanks  of  the  Union  and  of  the  Confederate  armies  respectively 
have  been  fixed  and  marked  by  iron  tablets  with  suitable  inscriptions. 

The  position  of  the  One  hundred  and  fort}^-eighth  Pennsylvania 
Regiment  on  Hancock  avenue  on  the  third  day  of  the  battle  has  been 
established  and  will  soon  be  indicated  by  an  appropriate  and  durable 
marker. 

The  spot  where  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles  was  wounded,  on  the  even- 
ing of  the  second  day,  has  been  indicated  by  a  handsome  granite 
marker  with  an  appropriate  inscription. 

Thirteen  handsome  and  durable  itinerary  tablets  have  been  erected 
at  a  similar  number  of  towns  and  villages  within  a  day's  march  of 
Gettysburg,  with  inscriptions  setting  forth  the  movements  of  the 
several  corps,  divisions,  and  minor  bodies  of  troops  constituting  the 
Union  Army  on  the  days  immediately  before  and  after  the  battle, 
and  specifying  the  date  and  the  hour  of  such  movements,  respectively. 

Preparations  are  being  made  to  erect  similar  tablets  at  suitable 
points  setting  forth  in  like  manner  the  movements,  during  the  same 
period,  of  the  several  bodies  of  troops  composing  the  Confederate 
arm}T. 

Historical  tablets  of  iron  are  being  prepared  and  will  soon  be  erected 
along  the  recently  completed  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge, 
to  mark  the  respective  positions  of  Barksdale's  Mississippi  Brigade 
and  Wofford's  Georgia  Brigade,  of  McLaw's  Division;  of  Kemper's, 
Garnett's,  and  Armistead's  Virginia  brigades  of  Pickett's  Division;  of 
Wilcox's  Alabama,  Perrv's  Florida,  Wright's  Georgia,  Posey's  Missis- 
sippi, and  Mahone's  Virginia  brigades  of  Anderson's  Division;  of 
Archer's  Tennessee,  Pettigrew's  North  Carolina,  Dayis's  Mississippi 
and  North  Carolina,  and  Brockenbrough's  Virginia  brigades  of  Heth's 
Division ;  of  Scales's  North  Carolina,  Lane's  North  Carolina,  McGowan's 
South  Carolina,  and  Thomas's  Georgia  brigades  of  Pender's  Division. 
The  tablets  contain  carefully  prepared  inscriptions  describing  the  part 
taken  in  the  battle  by  each  brigade,  and  stating  its  numbers  and  losses. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY   PARK    COMMISSION.         71 

Guns  of  the  same  class  and  caliber  as  those  which  composed  each  of 
the  batteries  are  also  being  placed  along  that  avenue  to  indicate  the 
position  of  each  batter}",  viz: 

Moody 's  Battery,  24-pounder  howitzers. 

Rhett's  and  Patterson's  batteries,  12-pounder  howitzers. 

Stribling's  Battery,  20-pounder  Parrotts. 

Wingfield's  Battery,  3-inch  Navy  Parrotts. 

Macon's,  Ross's,  Marye's,  and  Brander's  batteries,  10-pound er  Parrotts. 

Wyatt's,  Zimmerman's,  Grandy's,  Lewis's,  Maurin's,  and  Griffin's  batteries, 

3-inch  rifles. 
Miller's,    Squires's,    Richardson's,    Norcom's,    Caskie's,    Blount's,    Ward's, 

Brooke's,    Graham's,    Crenshaw's,     McGraw's,     and     Moore's     batteries, 

Napoleons. 

The  gun  carriages  are  wholly  of  iron,  and  they  are  immovable, 
being  fastened  to  large  stones  grouted  in  the  ground.  Historical 
tablets  of  iron  are  placed  by  every  battery  and  artilleiy  battalion,  with 
inscriptions  recording  the  part  each  took  in  the  battle,  the  number  of 
rounds  fired,  the  losses  suffered,  and  other  interesting  details. 

WORK  OF  ENGINEERS'  DEPARTMENT — MAPS. 

In  addition  to  the  multiplicity  of  other  important  duties  and  services 
of  the  engineer,  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  and  his  assistants,  which  have 
been  faithfully  performed  in  the  office  and  on  the  field,  two  large  maps 
of  the  battlefield,  on  a  scale  of  600  feet  to  the  inch,  and  embracing  an 
area  of  17  square  miles,  have  been  completed.  One  of  them  shows  the 
topography  of  the  battlefield  with  accurac}r  in  every  detail  as  it  was  in 
1863  when  the  battle  was  fought,  and  on  this  the  commission  purpose 
having  correctly  indicated  the  positions  of  the  troops  on  both  sides 
engaged  in  the  battle  for  every  hour  of  July  1,  2,  and  3,  1863.  The 
.other  map.  besides  the  topography  in  general,  shows  the  timber, 
streams,  fences,  rocks,  buildings,  mounted  guns,  avenues,  monuments, 
in  short,  everything  on  the  battlefield  as  it  is  at  the  present  time. 

Much  work  has  been  and  is  still  being  done  to  restore  in  all  respects 
the  battlefield  as  it  was  at  the  time  of  the  battle.  One  of  the  most 
important  tasks  is  the  preservation  and  restoration  of  the  forests  as 
they  existed  then,  and  much  has  been  done  toward  accomplishing  this 
object.  Much  has  also  been  done  toward  rebuilding  the  stone  fences 
inclosing  the  fields,  nearly  all  of  which  served  as  breastworks  and 
defenses  for  the  troops  of  one  or  the  other  of  the  armies  during  the 
battle.  Many  thousands  of  yards  of  these  stone  fences  and  walls  have 
been  restored,  a  large  portion  of  them  during  the  present  year. 

WATER   DRAINS   ALONGSIDE   THE   AVENUES. 

After  constructing  the  Telford  avenues  along  the  lines  of  battle,  as 
the  ground  here  is  almost  all  undulating,  although,  fortunately,  in 
most  places  on  the  battle  lines  not  steep,  it  was  found  absolutely  need- 
ful to  have  good  water  drains  along  at  least  one,  if  not  both  sides  of 
every  avenue  at  almost  all  points,  in  order  to  prevent  continual  damage 
to  them  by  washing  from  the  frequent  heavy  rains.  Fortunately  we 
found  on  Big  Round  Top  a  well-nigh  inexhaustible  supply  of  stones 
of  the  exact  size  and  thickness  required  to  pave  neatly  and  durably, 
and  without  great  expense  or  trouble,  the  drains  alongside  of  our 
avenues,  and  elsewhere  on  the  field  where  needed,  and  much  of  this 
work  has  been  done  this  year,  with  most  satisfactory  results. 


72          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 


MAUDS. 

There  are  five  regularly  employed  guards  or  watchmen  on  the  battle- 
field. We  have  found  them  necessary  to  prevent  desecration  and 
injury  of  the  public  works  on  the  battlefield  by  thoughtless  or  mis- 
chievous visitors,  and  particularly  the  mutilation  of  monuments  by 
the  sacrilegious  relic  hunters  that  sometimes  infest  the  grounds  witL 
the  sense  of  reverence  wholly  undeveloped. 

ACQUISITION   OF   LANDS. 

Since  our  last  report  conveyances  have  been  executed  for  the  Francis 
Althoff  tract  of  12.75  acres  lying  at  the  head  of  Plum  Run  Valley  and 
adjoining  the  "Wheatfield,"  and  also  for  the  Basil  Biggs  tract  of  48 
acres  lying  between  Hancock  avenue  and  the  Taneytown  road,  a  short 
distance  south  of  General  Meade's  headquarters. 

A  parcel  of  land  has  been  purchased  from  Peter  Swisher,  containing 
2.42  acres,  situated  along  the  eastern  side  of  Sedgwick  avenue,  and  on 
which  were  the  headquarters  of  both  General  Sedgwick  and  General 
Sykes,  just  north  of  Little  Round  Top.  And  another  parcel  has  also 
been  purchased  from  said  Swisher,  containing  9.20  acres,  situated  west 
of  Sedgwick  avenue  and  adjoining  the  Althoff  tract  and  Plum  Run 
Valley.  Numerous  military  movements  took  place  on  it,  and  its 
possession  by  the  United  States  was  important. 

A  proceeding,  approved  by  the  Department,  was  begun  since  our 
last  report  to  condemn  a  parcel  of  land  containing  about  12  acres,  situ- 
ated near  the  Devil's  Den  and  between  the  Round  Tops.  It  is  thickly 
covered  with  large  bowlders  and  quite  valueless  intrinsically,  bat  there 
was  severe  fighting  on  and  over  it  in  the  afternoon  of  the  second  day. 
Moreover,  its  owner  has  permitted  it  to  become  the  scene  of  revelries 
which  many  right-minded  people  consider  a  desecration  of  the  ground 
consecrated  by  the  blood  of  hundreds  of  heroes  and  patriots.  The  pro- 
ceeding was  begun  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  circuit 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania  at  Philadelphia,  which 
appointed  and  qualified  the  jury  of  view;  but  the  case  was  removed 
to  the  court  of  the  middle  district  of  Pennsylvania  at  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
upon  the  creation  of  that  district  by  the  last  Congress.  The  jury  of 
view  inspected  the  land  and  heard  evidence  in  the  case  at  Gettysburg 
on  the  7th  of  May  and  rendered  their  verdict  of  $6.150  for  the  respond- 
ent, who  has  taken  an  appeal  to  the  court  in  term.  The  Park  Com- 
mission have  also  appealed  on  behalf  of  the  United  States,  and  the  case 
stands  for  hearing  at  the  next  term  of  the  court. 

There  are  also  other  tracts  and  parcels  of  land  which  ma}-  have  to 
be  condemned  and  acquired  by  the  Government  to  prevent  them  from 
being  put  to  uses  by  the  owners  which  would  disfigure  the  battlefield, 
and  they  can  not  be  purchased  except  at  such  exorbitant  figures  as  no 
jury  of  view  would  sanction. 

In  conclusion,  the  Commission  repeat  that  the  thousands  of  visitors 
who  throng  the  Gettysburg  National  Park,  including  great  numbers  of 
veterans  from  all  sections  of  our  country,  emphatically  approve  the 
Government's  design  to  make  this  battlefield  an  enduring  monument 
to  American  valor,  and  are  gratified  to  see  how  successfully  that  design 
is  being  realized. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         73 

The  commission  respectfully  ask  for  an  appropriation  of  $75,000 
for  the  next  fiscal  year. 
Respectfully, 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 

Chairman. 
WM.  M.  BOBBINS, 
CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR: 


LIST   OF    BLUE    PRINTS    ACCOMPANYING    REPORT   OK    1901. 

422. — Property  conveyed  by  Simon  J.  Codori  to  Gettysburg  Springs  and  Hotel  Com- 
pany. 

423. — Design  for  monument. 

424. — Map  showing  the  property  of  W.  H.  Tipton  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield  and 
the  occupation  of  said  property  by  the  troops  of  both  armies  during  the 
battle;  also  location  of  said  property  with  reference  to  the  lands  of  the 
National  Park. 

425. — Bryan  farm  to  be  attached  to  lease. 

426. — Biggs  farm  to  be  attached  to  lease. 

427. — Masonheimer  farm  to  be  attached  to  lease. 

428. — Smith  farm  to  be  attached  to  lease. 

429. — Trostle  farm  to  be  attached  to  lease. 

430. — Weikert  farm  to  be  attached  to  lease. 

431. — Tracts  of  land  belonging  to  Peter  D.  S wisher. 

4:52. — Gettysburg  battlefield,  reduced  scale. 

4:!.'!. — Plan  for  filling  Quarry  Hole  in  Trostle  field  along  United  States  avenue. 

434. — Pitzer's  schoolhouse,  D-2. 

435. — South  Taneytown  road,  E— 4. 

436.— Map  of  Gettysburg  battlefield,  600-foot  scale. 

437.— South  Cavalry  field,  F-2. 

438.— North  Rock  Creek,  A-4. 

439.— North  Middle,  A-3. 

440.— Herr  Tavern,  A-2. 

441. — Hanover  road,  B-5. 

442.— Wolf  Hill,  C-5. 

443. — East  Baltimore  pike,  D-5. 

444. — Map  showing  the  location  of  buildings  on  the  Wm.  H.  Tipton  property  on  the 
battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 

445.— South  Rock  Creek,  E-5. 

446. — Peach  orchard  and  wheat  field,  D-3. 

447.— Map  of  Gettysburg  battlefield  600  feet,  as  it  was  in  1863. 

448. — Plan  of  Pleasonton  avenue  from  Hancock  avenue  to  Taneytown  road. 

449. — Property  of  J.  Emory  Bair  and  Calvin  Gilbert. 

450. — Property  of  heirs  of  Frederick  G.  Pfeffer,  tract  4. 

451. — Plan  of  Chamberlain  avenue  over  Little  Round  Top. 

MILITARY  ORDER  OF  THE  LOYAL  LEGION   OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  COMMANDERY  op 

THE  STATE  OF  COLORADO. 

Col.  JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON. 

DEAR  SIR:  At  the  stated  meeting  of  this  commandery  held  February  2,  1901,  Com- 
panion Westbrook  S.  Decker  offered  the  following  resolution: 

"Resolved,  That  the  members  of  this  commandery  of  the  Loyal  Legion  desire  to 
convey  to  the  Secretary  of  War  their  deep  appreciation  and  gratitude  for  what  has 
been  accomplished  by  the  War  Department  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg.  The 
faithful  and  skillful  work  of  Col.  John  P.  Nicholson,  Maj.  William  M.  Robbins,  and 
Maj.  Charles  A.  Richardson,  the  United  States  Commission,  in  locating  and  preserv- 
ing the  lines  of  battle  and  the  laying  out  of  avenues  on  those  lines  is  worthy  of  the 
highest  commendation.  This  commandery,  appreciating  the  splendid  work  already 
done  and  realizing  that  the  work  has  not  reached  completion,  hope  that  the  said 


74          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

members  of  the  Commission  be  retained  and  that  said  Commission  receive  the  con- 
tinued support  of  Congress,  to  the  end  that  the  National  Memorial  Park  may  be 
completed  as  originally  designed  and  a  fit  memorial  of  the  brave  men  who  fought  on 
that  historic  field." 
The  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted. 

S.  K.  HOOPKK, 

Commander. 
3.  R.  SAVILLE, 
Recorder. 


HEADQUARTERS  CORPORAL  SKELLY  POST  No.  9,  G.  A.  R., 

GETTYSBURG,  PA. 
The  Honorable  The  SECRETARY  OP  WAR, 

Washington,  D.  C.: 

At  a  regular  meeting  of  Corporal  Skelly  Post  No.  9,  G.  A.  R.,  Department  of 
Pennsylvania,  held  January  14,  1901,  it  was 

"Resolved,  That  it  was  only  right  and  proper  that  the  soldiers  of  the  late  war  of 
the  rebellion  living  here  on  this  most  remarkable  battlefield  should  add  their  com- 
mendation to  the  many  tributes  of  respect  and  esteem  already  sent  to  you  in  behalf 
of  the  commissioners  who  have  charge  of  the  great  work  now  going  on  under  their 
able  supervision.  We  therefore  esteem  it  a  great  pleasure  to  commend  in  the 
highest  terms  the  substantial  manner  in  which  the  work  is  conducted  by  your  com- 
missioners, and  as  ex-soldiers  and  now  citizens  of  Gettysburg  and  vicinity  we  do 
most  respectfully  pray  that  you  will  recommend  a  liberal  appropriation  for  this 
Gettysburg  National  Park,  that  your  commissioners  may  be  in  a  position  to  secure 
the  much  needed  property  to  complete  the  great  task  they  have  undertaken." 
By  order  of  the  Post: 

SIMON  P.  STOVER, 

Post  Commander. 
Attest:  WM.  H.  RUPP, 

Post  Adjutant. 


LIST   OF    PHOTOGRAPHS   TO    ACCOMPANY    COMMISSIONER'S    REPORT,    1901. 

1. — Bridge  over  Culn's  Run,  East  Confederate  avenue. 

2. — Culvert  No.  1,  Last  Confederate  avenue. 

3. — East  Confederate  avenue,  showing  paved  gutter. 

4. — Culvert  No.  2,  East  Confederate  avenue. 

5. — East  Confederate  avenue,  showing  breastworks  of  Jones's  Brigade  rebuilt. 

6. — East  Confederate  avenue,  looking  north. 

7. — Smith's  Brigade  C.  8.  A.,  tablet,  East  Confederate  avenue. 

8. — Hancock  avenue,  looking  south,  showing  new  tube  fence. 

9. — Hancock  avenue,  looking  north,  showing  new  tube  fence. 
10. — Sedgwick  avenue,  stone  wall  rebuilt  through  Weikert  farm. 
11. — Sedgwick  avenue,  new  fence  and  stone  wall  rebuilt  along  Swisher  field. 
12.— Marker  where  General  Sickles  was  wounded,  and  Trostle  Barn. 
13. — Marker  erected  where  Maj.  Gen.  D.  E.  Sickles  was  wounded. 
14. — Wheatfield  road,  showing  paved  gutter  and  new  post  fence. 
15. — Pleasonton  avenue,  showing  foundation  stones. 
16. — West  Confederate  avenue,  snowing  foundation  stones. 
17. — East  Cavalry  field,  Gregg  avenue. 
18.— East  Cavalry  field,  Cavalry  shaft. 

19.-  East  Cavalry  field,  Randol's  Batteries  E  and  G,  First  U.  S.  Artillery. 
20. — Statue  to  John  Burns  on  Stone  avenue. 

21.— Brander's  Virginia  Battery  (Letcher  Artillery),  West  Confederate  avenue. 
22.— Pleasonton  avenue,  looking  east. 

23.— Marye's  Battery  (the  Fredericksburg  Artillery),  West  Confederate  avenue. 
24.— Ward's  Mississippi  Battery  (Madison  Light  Artillery),  West  Confederate  avenue. 
25.— West  Confederate  avenue,  showing  First  Vermont  and  First  New  York  monu- 
ments in  Pitzer  Woods. 

26.— West  Confederate  avenue,  looking  north  from  Pitzer  Woods. 
27.— West  Con  federate  avenue,  looking  south,  showing  batteries  of  Dearing's  Battalion. 
28.— West  Confederate  avenue,  looking  south,  showing  batteries  of  Eshleman's  Bat- 
talion. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  1902 


75 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1902, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa. ,  August  1,  1902. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Military  Park  Commission  respect- 
fully submit  the  following  report  of  their  work,  its  progress  during 
the  past  year  and  its  present  condition,  with  suggestions  as  to  what  is 
needed  for  its  further  prosecution. 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

Pleasonton  avenue,  which  was  in  course  of  construction  at  the  date 
of  our  last  report,  was  completed  soon  thereafter.  It  runs  eastward 
from  Hancock  avenue  near  the  point  where  General  Hancock  was 
wounded  to  the  headquarters  of  the  Union  cavalry  on  the  Taneytown 
road. 

Chamberlain  and  Warren  avenues  have  also  been  constructed.  The 
former  runs  southward  from  near  the  summit  of  Little  Round  Top 
along  the  crest  of  Vincent  Spur  and  the  battle  line  of  the  Union  troops 
in  their  defense  of  that  position  in  the  afternoon  of  July  2,  1863,  and 
then,  carving  down  the  slope,  connects  with  Sykes  avenue  in  the  gap 
between  Round  Top  and  Little  Round  Top.  Warren  avenue  starts 
from  Sykes  avenue  at  that  same  point  and  runs  westward  along  the 
base  of  Little  Round  Top  to  Plum  Run  Valley  and  crossing  that  run 
joins  Crawford  avenue  near  the  Devil's  Den. 

Buford  avenue  is  now  under  contract,  and  the  work  upon  it  is  pro- 
ceeding and  will  soon  be  completed.  It  runs  from  the  north  end  of 
Reynolds  avenue  in  a  northwesterly  direction  to  the  Mummasburg 
road  along  the  line  of  the  Union  cavalry  which  menaced  the  left  flank 
of  the  Confederate  forces  as  they  advanced  into  the  first  day's  battle. 

These  avenues,  like  all  others  on  the  field,  are  constructed  on  the 
Telford  plan  in  the  most  durable  style,  and  will  last  for  centuries. 
The  total  length  of  the  Telford  avenues  now  constructed  on  the  field  is 
about  17  miles. 

There  are  several  others  which  should  be  constructed,  among  them 
Wright  avenue  along  the  line  of  Wright's  Division,  on  the  left  of 
Sedgwick's  Corps,  from  between  the  Round  Tops  southeastwardly 
across  the  Taneytown  road;  another  along  the  lines  of  Meredith's  and 
Stone's  brigades  on  the  first  day's  field;  one  also  on  Oak  Hill  and 
vicinity,  where  the  infantry  and  artillery  of  Rodes's  Division  of 
Swell's  Corps  debouched  and  took  position  in  the  first  day's  battle, 
and  another  leading  from  the  Hanover  road  east  of  Rock  Creek  to 
Benner's  Hill,  where  a  number  of  Confederate  batteries  were  posted 
on  the  second  and  third  days. 

77 
16175—05 6 


78          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

Two  avenues  of  no  great  length  have  been  projected  in  and  near  the 
"  Wheatfield,"  one  running  from  the  Wheatfield  road,  near  .Plum  Kim 
Valley,  southward  along  the  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  Reserves  to 
Sickles  avenue;  the  other  starting  from  Sickles  avenue  and  running 
along  the  Union  line  in  the  southwest  border  of  the  Wheatfield;  then 
crossing  the  Western  Branch  of  Plum  Run  and  following  the  line  of 
General  Brooke's  brigade  on  the  summit  of  Rose  Hill.  Avenues  are 
also  needed  to  connect  the  cavalry  battlefields  both  east  and  south  of 
Gettysburg  with  the  battlefield  of  the  infantry.  In  some  of  the  cu-r- 
mentioned  the  Government  owns  the  land;  in  others  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  acquire  the  lands  on  which  to  construct  the  proposed  avenues. 

The  legislature  of  Pennsylvania  having  granted  to  the  United  States 
the  right  to  convert  public  roads  into  TeTford  avenues  within  the  limits 
of  the  battlefield,  the  Secretary  of  War  has  authorized  this  to  be  done 
on  the  Taneytown  road,  as  it  wTill  soon  be,  from  the  borough  line  of 
Gettysburg  to  a  point  south  of  General  Meade's  headquarters.  The 
same  should  be  done  on  the  Mummasburg  road  from  Howard  avenue 
to  Buford  avenue;  also  the  Fairfield  or  Hagerstown  road  from  the 
south  end  of  Reynolds  avenue  to  West  Confederate  avenue;  also  the 
road  leading  from  the  north  end  of  Crawford  avenue  to  United  States 
avenue,  and  the  so-called  Wheatfield  road  running  from  east  to  west 
across  the  entire  battlefield. 

TABLETS  AND   GUNS. 

Since  our  last  report  monumental  tablets  have  been  prepared  and 
erected  along  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge  to  mark  the 
positions  of  each  and  all  the  Confederate  brigades  which  occupied  that 
ridge  from  the  Wheatfield  road  on  the  right  to  the  Hagerstown  road 
on  the  left,  viz:  Barksdale's  Mississippi  and  Wofford's  Georgia  bri- 
gades of  McLaw's  Division;  Kemper's,  Garnett's,  and  Armistead's 
Virginia  brigades  of  Piekett's  Division;  WTilcox's  Alabama,  Perry's 
Florida,  Wright's  Georgia,  Posey's  Mississippi,  and  Mahone's  Virginia 
brigades  of  Anderson's  Division;  Archer's  Tennessee,  Pettigrew's 
North  Carolina",  Davis's  Mississippi  and  North  Carolina,  and  Brock- 
enbrough's  Virginia  brigades  of  Heth's  Division,  commanded  there  by 
General  Pettigrew;  Scales's  and  Lane's  North  Carolina,  McGowan's 
South  Carolina,  and  Thomas's  Georgia  brigades  of  Pender's  Division. 
These  tablets,  like  all  the  other  monumental  tablets  on  the  field,  are 
3£  by  2^  feet  in  dimensions,  with  carefully  prepared  inscriptions 
cast  in  raised  letters  describing  the  part  taken  in  the  battle  by  each 
brigade  and  stating  its  numbers  ana  losses  so  far  as  practicable  to 
obtain.  They  are  mounted  on  iron  pillars  about  3  feet  high,  grouted 
in  the  ground,  and  the  tablets  are  inclined  at  a  suitable  angle  so 
that  the  inscriptions  can  easily  be  read  by  persons  riding  or  driving 
on  the  avenue. 

Guns  of  like  class  and  caliber  with  those  which  composed  the  several 
batteries  along  the  avenue  have  been  mounted  there  in  the  respective 
positions  occupied  by  the  batteries,  viz,  two  batteries  of 

ALEXANDER'S  BATTALION. 

Moodv'e  Battery,  "The  Madison  (La.)  Artillery." 
Rhett's  Battery",  "The  Brooks  (S.  C.)  Artillery." 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         79 

ESHLEMAN'S  BATTALION. 

Millers's,  Squires's,  Richardson's,  and  Norcom's  batteries,  "The  Washington 
(La.)  Artillery." 

BEARING'S  BATTALION. 

Stribling's  Battery,  "The  Farquier  Artillery." 
Caskie's  Battery,  "The  Hampton  Artillery." 
Macon's  Battery,  "The  Richmond  Fayette  Artillery." 
Blount's  (Va.)  Battery. 

POAGUE'S  BATTALION. 

Ward's  Battery,  "The  Madison  (Miss.)  Artillery." 
Brooke's  (Va.)  Battery. 

Wyatt's  Battery,  "The  Albemarle  (Va.)  Artillery." 
Graham's  Battery,  "The  Charlotte  (N.  0.)  Artillery." 

LANE'S  BATTALION. 

Patterson's,  Wingfield's,  and  Ross's  batteries,  "TheSumter  (Ga.)  Artillery." 
PEGRAM'S  BATTALION. 

Marye's  Battery,  "The  Fredericksburg  Artillery." 
Crenshaw's  (Va.)  Battery. 

Zimmerman's  Battery,  "The  Pee  Dee  Artillery." 
McGraw's  Battery,  "The  Purcell  Artillery." 
Brander's  Battery,  "The  Letcher  Artillery." 

GARNETT'S  BATTALION. 

Grandy's  Battery,  "The  Norfolk  Light  Artillery  Blues." 
Moore's  Battery,  "The  Huger  Artillery." 
Lewis's  Battery,  "The  Lewis  Artillery." 
Maurin's  Battery,  ''The  Donaldson  ville  Artillery." 

DANCE'S  BATTALION. 
Griffin's  Battery,  "The  Salem  Artillery." 

The  guns  mounted  to  mark  the  positions  of  the  above-named  batteries 
are  24  Napoleons,  15  3-inch  rifles,  11  10-pounder  Parrotts,  4  20-pounder 
Parrotts,  4  12-pounder  howitzers,  and  2  24-pounder  howitzers;  in  all, 
60  guns.  Iron  tablets  of  the  same  dimensions  as  those  of  the  infantry 
brigades  are  erected  for  each  artillery  battalion  and  each  battery  with 
inscriptions  briefly  recording  the  services  rendered  by  each  In  the 
battle,  the  number  of  rounds  fired,  the  losses  suffered,  and  other 
important  facts. 

Nine  itinerary  tablets  have  been  erected  on  East  Cemetery  Hill, 
along  the  Baltimore  pike,  describing  the  movements  and  positions  of 
the  Union  Army  and  each  of  the  commands  comprising  it  on  each 
day  from  June  29  to  July  7,  18(53. 

Ten  Confederate  itinerary  tablets,  for  which  the  inscriptions  have 
been  prepared,  are  now  being  cast  and  will  be  erected  at  a  suitable 
point  alongside  of  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge.  They 
will  record  the  movements  of  the  Confederate  Army  and  its  several 
corps,  divisions,  and  brigades  on  each  day  from  June  26,  1863,  when 
the  last  of  its  forces  crossed  the  Potomac  into  Maryland,  until  after  the 
close  of  the  battle  and  the  retreat  of  the  Confederates  from  Gettys- 
burg, July  5,  1863. 


80          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

The  monumental  tablets  erected  this  year  to  mark  the  positions  and 
record  the  services  of  infantry  brigades  and  of  artillery  battalions  and 
batteries,  together  with  the  itinerary  tablets  of  the  Union  and  Confed- 
erate commands,  are  84  in  number. 

The  number  of  guns,  Union  and  Confederate,  which  have  been 
mounted  by  the  Commission  on  this  field  to  date  is  290. 

WORK  OF  ENGINEER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

There  have  been  constructed  on  the  field  8£  miles  of  pipe  fencing 
and  over  5  miles  of  post  and  rail  fencing,  a  large  part  of  both  having 
been  done  this  year.  Nearly  4  miles  of  stone  walls  and  stone  fences 
have  also  been  rebuilt,  much  of  them  during  the  past  }*ear.  Nearly 
all  of  these  served  as  breastworks  and  defenses  in  the  battle  either 
for  Union  or  Confederate  troops.  There  have  also  been  nearly  5  miles 
of  gutters  or  drains  alongside  the  Telford  avenues  paved  with  stones 
in  a  durable  manner. 

Besides  attending  to  the  many  other  duties  devolving  upon  him, 
both  in  the  office  and  on  the  field,  the  engineer,  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  Cope, 
and  his  assistants,  have  been  engaged  in  mapping  the  battlefield.  A 
map  of  the  first  day's  field  has  been  completed  showing  with  accurac^v 
and  distinctness  the  positions  and  movements  of  each  command, 
whether  of  infantry,  cavalry,  or  artillery,  of  both  the  Union  and 
Confederate  armies  at  each  and  every  hour  of  that  day .  The  same 
will  be  done  with  reference  to  the  other  two  days  of  the  battle. 

MONUMENTS. 

The  Hancock  equestrian  statue,  which  was  struck  by  lightning  and 
the  pedestal  damaged,  has  been  taken  down  by  the  Van  Amringe  Gran- 
ite Company  and  is  being  repaired.  This  is  being  done  at  the  expense 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

On  Stevens  Knoll  a  foundation  has  been  laid  and  a  pedestal  erected, 
upon  which  will  shortty  be  placed  an  equestrian  statue  of  Maj.  Gen. 
Henry  W.  Slocimi,  at  the  expense  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Two  monuments  of  stone  have  been  erected  a  short  distance  east  of 
Sedgwick  avenue,  one  marking  the  position  of  Candy's  Brigade  of 
Geary's  Division  in  the  evening  of  July  1,  1863,  and  the  other  the 
headquarters  of  General  Sykes,  commander  of  the  Fifth  Corps. 

A  stone  monument  has  been  placed  alongside  of  Hancock  avenue  to 
mark  the  position  of  the  One  hundred  and  forty-eighth  Regiment  of 
Pennsylvania  Infantry  of  July  3,  1863. 

—  A  bronze  statue  has  also  been  erected  on  Stone  avenue,  just  north  of 
Reynolds  Woods,  at  the  expense  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
honor  of  John  Burns,  a  citizen  of  Gettysburg,  who,  though  70  years 
old,  took  his  musket  and  wrent  out  into  the  first  day's  battle  and  was 
severely  wounded. 

ACQUISITIONS  OF  LANDS. 

The  proceeding,  which  was  pending  at  the  date  of  our  report  of  1901, 
for  the  condemnation  of  a  parcel  of  land  containing  about  12  acres, 
situate  between  the  Round  Tops  and  not  far  from  the  Devil's  Den,  has 
since  been  concluded  by  the  owner  of  the  land  withdrawing  his  appeal 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         81 

from  the  verdict  of  the  jury  of  view  which  awarded  him  $6,150.  This 
money  has  been  paid,  the  title  made  to  the  Government,  and  Warren 
avenue,  which  has  since  been  constructed,  runs  across  said  land. 

Eight  acres  of  land  situate  on  the  slope  of  Seminary  Ridge,  adjacent 
to  the  Union  line  in  the  first  da}7's  battle,  has  been  purchased  from 
Martin  Winter,  the  owner,  for  $2,500,  and  the  title  made  to  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

Condemnation  proceedings  have  been  begun,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Department,  for  the  condemnation  of  four  small  parcels  of  land, 
containing  in  all  about  10  acres,  situate  on  both  sides  of  Hancock 
avenue,  near  Ziegler's  grove,  and  occupied  at  times  during  the  battle 
by  Union  commands.  The  case  has  already  been  before  a  jury  of  view, 
composed  of  excellent  citizens,  who  awarded  $5,975  for  the  land. 
From  this  award  the  owner  appealed  to  the  United  States  circuit  court 
for  the  middle  district  of  Pennsylvania,  and  there  the  matter  is  now 
pending  and  will  doubtless  be  disposed  of  at  the  next  term  of  said 
court. 

The  Commission  is  gratified  to  say  that  tens  of  thousands  of  visitors 
from  all  sections  of  the  country  continue  to  throng  the  Gett}rsburg 
National  Park,  and  are  unstinted  in  their  approbation  of  the  Govern- 
ment's purpose  to  make  of  this  field  a  great  national  monument  and 
of  the  manner  in  which  that  purpose  is  being  carried  out. 
Respectfully, 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 

Chairman. 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
CHAS.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST   OF    BLUEPRINTS   TO    ACCOMPANY    REPORT   OF    1902. 

452. — Field  of  Longstreet's  assault,  July  3,  1863,  with  troops. 

453. — Foundation  for  the  One  hundred  and  forty-eighth  Pennsylvania  marker. 

454. — Plan  of  Buford  avenue,  from  Reynolds  avenue  to  Mummasburg  road. 

455. — Property  of  John  Rosensteel  along  Wheatfield  road  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

456. — Map  showing  the  location  of  the  John  Burns  statue. 

457. — One  hundred  and  forty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Infantry  marker. 

458. — Plan  of  Meredith  avenue,  from  property  line  on  Springs  road  to  Chambersburg 

pike. 

459. — Plan  showing  proposed  repairs  to  Hancock  pedestal. 
460. — Plan  showing  proposed  repairs  to  capstone  on  Hancock  pedestal. 
461. — Rock  base  for  the  John  Burns  statue. 
462. — Bridge  over  Plum  Run  at  Devil's  Den. 
463. — West  end  of  the  Memorial  Church. 
464. — Map  showing  the  positions  of  the  infantry,  artillery,  and  cavalry,  United  States 

Army,  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 
465. — Plan  of  Chamberlain  and  Warren  avenues. 
466. — Property  of  George  E.  Stock  on  the  Hanover  road,  showing  land  needed  to 

mark  Andrew's  Artillery  Battalion. 
467. — Map  showing  location  of  monument  erected  to  Brig.  Gen.  S.  K.  Zook  in  the 

wheat  field. 

468. — Plan  of  roller  and  storage  house. 
468J.— Woods  belonging  to  Sarah  A.  C.  Plank. 
469.-r-Woods  belonging  to  B.  F.  Redding. 

469j. — Tracts  of  land  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Springs  and  Hotel  Company. 
470. — Plan  of  storage  and  roller  building. 
471. — Storage  and  roller  building. 


82          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

472. — Tablets  erected  by  the  Commission  in  various  towns. 

473. — Tablets  at  Littlestown  and  Two  Taverns. 

47-i. — Public  square,  Hanover,  Pa. 

475. — I^and  conveyed  by  J.  Bender  to  the  United  States. 

476. — Tract  of  land  conveyed  by  J.  S.  Forney  to  the  United  States. 

LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS  TO   ACCOMPANY   REPORT  OF   1902. 

1. — One  hundred  and  forty-eighth  Pennsylvania  marker,  Hancock  avenue. 

2. — Fifth  Corps  headquarters  marker. 

3. — Candy's  Brigade  marker. 

4. — Wall  west  of  Sedgwick  avenue,  looking  south. 

5. — Entrance  to  Chamberlain  avenue  from  below  Forty-fourth  New  York  monument. 

6. — Chamberlain  avenue  looking  south,  showing  Twentieth  Maine  and  Round  Top. 

7. — Chamberlain  avenue  looking  north,  showing  Twentieth  Maine. 

8. — Warren  avenue  west  from  Sykes  avenue. 

9. — Warren  avenue  east  from  railroad. 
10. — View  of  bridge  over  Plum  Run,  looking  north. 
11. — View  of  bridge  over  Plum  Run,  looking  south. 
12. — Itinerary  tablets  in  front  East  Cemetery  Hill. 


ANNUAL  REPORT   FOR  1903 


83 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1903, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa. ,  August  1,  1903. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  submit  the  follow- 
ing report  of  their  work,  its  progress  during  the  past  year,  and  its 
present  condition,  with  some  suggestions  as  to  what  is  needed  for  its 
further  prosecution: 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

Buford  avenue,  mentioned  in  our  last  report  as  being  in  course  of 
construction,  has  been  completed.  It  runs  from  Reynolds  avenue 
northwestward  to  the  Mummasburg  road  along  the  line  of  the  Union 
cavalry,  which  threatened  the  left  flank  of  the  Confederate  infantry  as 
it  advanced  into  the  first  day's  battle. 

Stone  avenue,  which  runs  along  the  line  of  the  Bucktail  brigade 
from  the  Chambersburg  pike  to  Reynolds  woods,  has  been  constructed. 

Meredith  avenue,  which  runs  along  the  line  of  the  Iron  Brigade 
through  Reynolds  woods,  has  been  completed  to  the  southern  border 
of  those  woods,  but  its  further  progress  to  a  junction  with  Reynolds 
avenue,  a  distance  of  only  800  feet,  has  been  thwarted  for  the  present 
by  the  receivers  of  a  speculative  so-called  "land  improvement  com- 
pany," who  refuse  to  grant  right  of  way  over,  or  convey  title  to, 
the  small  strip  of  land  needed  for  said  avenue  except  upon  such  inad- 
missible terms  and  conditions  that  very  likely  the  Commission  may 
have  to  institute  condemnation  proceedings  in  order  to  secure  title  to 
said  land  for  the  United  States. 

Wright  avenue  has  been  put  under  contract  and  its  construction 
begun.  It  runs  from  the  southern  base  of  Little  Round  Top  across 
the  eastern  slope  of  Big  Round  Top,  and  then  curves  eastward  and 
extends  to  the  Taneytown  road,  following  the  lines  of  Russell's  and 
Grant's  brigades  of  the  Sixth  Union  Army  Corps,  these  brigades  hav- 
ing been  placed  in  that  position  to  guard  against  a  possible  flank 
movement  of  the  Confederates  around  the  south  side  of  Round  Top. 

Several  other  avenues  should  be  constructed,  among  them  one  run- 
ning from  the  Wheatfield  road  near  Plum  Run  along  the  line  of  the 
Pennsylvania  reserves  to  Sickles  avenue;  another  starting  from  a 
point  on  Sickles  avenue  and  running  across  the  western  branch  of 

85 


86         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

Plum  Run  and  along  the  line  of  General  Brooke's  brigade  on  the  sum- 
mit of  Ko.se  Hill;  another  running  from  the  upper  end  of  Crawford 
avenue  northward  to  United  States  avenue,  and  another  along  the 
Confederate  line  of  battle  on  the  cavalry  battlefield.  The  lands  on 
which  these  avenues  will  be  located  belong  now  to  the  United  States. 
There  should  be  an  avenue  on  Oak  Hill  and  vicinity  following  the 
lines  and  indicating  the  positions  of  the  infantry  and  artillery  of 
Rodes's  division  of  Ewell's  Confederate  army  corps  as  they  debouched 
in  a  direction  so  threatening  to  the  right  flank  of  Reynolds'*  corps  on 
the  first  day's  field;  also  an  avenue  running  from  the  Hanover  road 
east  of  Rock  Creek  to  Benners  Hill,  where  a  number  of  Confederate 
batteries  were  posted  on  the  second  and  third  days.  The  lands  needed 
for  the  two  last-mentioned  avenues  have  not  yet  been,  but  should  be, 
acquired  by  the  United  States,  as  also  the  grounds  on  both  Oak  Hill 
and  Benners  Hill,  whereon  the  Confederate  troops  deployed  and  the 
batteries  were  operated.  There  should  be  a  good  road  constructed 
from  Gettysburg  to  the  cavahy  battlefield,  about  3  miles  east  of  the 
town,  whither  the  present  routes  are  extremely  unsatisfactory. 

TABLETS  AND   GUNS. 

Gun  carriages  have  been  purchased  and  guns  mounted  thereon  during 
the  year  as  follows: 

One  10-pounder  Parrott  to  Maurin's  battery. 

Two  Napoleons  to  Lewis's  battery. 

One  3-inch  rifle  to  Moore's  battery. 

One  10-pounder  Parrott  to  Moore's  battery. 

Two  12-pounder  howitzers  to  G randy's  battery. 

Two  Napoleons  to  Brander'a  battery. 

Two  Napoleons  to  McGraw's  battery. 

Two  3-inc'h  rifles  to  Zimmerman's  battery. 

Two  12-pounder  howitzers  to  Crenshaw's  battery. 

Two  Napoleons  to  Marye's  battery. 

One  10-pounder  Parrott  to  Wyatt's  battery. 

Six  12-pounder  howitzers  of  Poague's  artillery  battalion  mounted 
in  their  old  lunettes  on  the  west  side  of  Confederate  avenue,  north  of 
Spangler's  woods. 

The  number  of  guns,  Union  and  Confederate,  which  have  been 
mounted  on  the  field  by  the  Commission  is  311. 

The  ten  Confederate  itinerary  tablets  which  were  being  cast  at  the 
date  of  our  last  report  have  since  been  finished  and  erected  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge  near  the  junction 
of  said  avenue  with  the  Fairfield  road.  They  record  the  location  and 
movements  of  the  several  corps,  divisions,  and  brigades  of  the  Confed- 
erate army  on  each  and  every  day  from  June  26,  1863,  when  the  last 
of  its  forces  crossed  the  Potomac  into  Maryland,  until  after  the  close 
of  the  battle  and  the  retreat  of  the  Confederates  from  Gettysburg 
July  5,  1863. 

There  have  also  been  cast  and  erected  along  the  avenues  during  this 
year  twenty-three  of  what  may  be  termed  guide  tablets,  designed  to 
give  useful  hints  and  directions  to  persons  driving  over  the  field. 

The  number  of  metallic  tablets  of  all  kinds  which  have  been  erected 
on  the  battlefield  up  to  this  date  is  450. 

The  lands  acquired  by  the  Commission  prior  to  our  last  report 
amounted  to  1,291.4541  acres.  There  have  been  acquired  during  the 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          87 
ACQUISITION    OF   LANDS. 

past  }rear  nine  different  tracts  of  land,  several  of  them  being  quite 
small  in  area,  but  each  embracing  an  important  historic  point  on  the 
battlefield.  The  largest  one,  containing  33  acres,  lies  on  the  cavalry 
battlefield,  it  being  the  ground  on  which  the  Confederate  cavalry  and 
artillery  formed  their  lines  and  posted  their  batteries,  a  large  portion 
of  it  being  covered  with  its  native  forest,  which  should  be  preserved. 

Another  tract  of  over  10  acres  lies  just  in  rear  of  General  Hood's 
line  of  battle  of  the  second  day.  This  also  is  covered  with  native 
forest,  important  to  be  preserved,  but  which  would  have  been  destroyed 
ere  this  if  our  Commission  had  not  saved  it  by  purchasing  the  land. 

Another  small  tract,  of  2£  acres,  lies  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Big 
.Round  Top,  and  its  purchase  was  necessary  to  complete  the  line  of 
Wright  avenue. 

Another  acquisition,  consisting  of  four  small  tracts  amounting  in  all 
to  over  10  acres,  lies  on  both  sides  of  Hancock  avenue  near-  its  northern 
terminus,  and  the  Commission  felt  in  duty  bound  to  secure  it  to  pre- 
vent its  being  converted  into  a  brickyard  and  put  to  other  uses  wnich 
would  seriously  mar  and  disfigure  a  very  important  and  interesting 
portion  of  the  battlefield.  It  has  been  secured  for  the  Government, 
although  in  order  to  do  so  it  became  necessary  to  resort  to  condemna- 
tion proceedings. 

The  whole  area  of  the  lands  now  owned  by  the  United  States  at 
Gettysburg  is  1,349.3548  acres,  or  2.108  square  miles. 

There  are  a  number  of  other  tracts  and  parcels  of  land  on  the  battle- 
field which  should  be  secured  for  the  Government  in  order  to  complete 
the  Gettysburg  National  Park  as  it  should  be  done.  The  Commission 
is  now  seeking,  under  the  supervision  of  the  War  Department,  to 
secure  for  the  United  States  certain  lands  considered  important  for 
the  proper  development  of  the  par,k  and  the  preservation  of  the  battle- 
field as  it  was  in  1863. 

SURFACE   OF   THE    FIELD. 

By  far  the  larger  portion  of  the  battlefield  retains  its  forests  and 
cleared  lands  very  much  as  they  were  in  1863,  but  a  few  important 
sections  of  the  field  have,  since  that  date,  been  denuded  of  their 
forests.  In  several  places  where  the  trees  have  been  only  partially 
cut  away  nature  is  rapidly  restoring  the  forest  by  a  fresh  undergrowth; 
but  where  the  ground  has  been  left  entirely  bare,  our  Commission  is 
taking  much  pains  to  reforest  it.  A  great  number  of  forest  trees 
have  been  planted  since  the  establishment  of  the  national  park — 5,000 
planted  during  the  past  year— and  are  growing  fine. 

On  our  application,  through  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  the  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Forestry,  Mr.  H.  B.  Kempton,  of  that  Bureau,  came 
here  early  in  May  of  this  year,  and  made  an  examination  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  what  portions  of  the  park  should  be  reforested 
and  how  it  could  best  be  done,  and  of  reporting  his  conclusions.  His 
report  has  not  yet  been  received. 

But,  even  if  no  better  plan  is  devised  than  our  Commission  has  fol- 
lowed, that  of  planting  on  the  denuded  grounds  a  large  number  of 
forest  trees  each  year,  it  will  not  be  a  great  while  until  the  battle- 


88          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    VARK    COMMISSION. 

field  will  be  restored,  as  to  field  and  forest,  to  the  same  condition 
substantially  as  at  the  date  of  the  battle. 

As  has  been  stated  in  previous  reports,  great  care  is  taken  in  laying 
out  avenues,  to  avoid,  as  far  as  possible,  locating  them  \,  here  their 
construction  would  necessitate  much  marring  of  the  surface  of  the 
ground  in  order  to  grade  them  properly.  Fortunately  this  has  not 
caused  serious  embarrassment  on  the  field  of  Gettysburg,  because  the 
lines  of  battle  of  both  armies  were  usually  formed  along  the  summits 
of  ridges  and,  in  constructing  the  avenues  along  the  battle  lines,  little 
difference  of  altitude  was  found  and  no  heavy  grading  was  required. 

MONUMENTS. 

An  equestrian  statue  of  Maj.  Gen.  Henry  W.  Slocum  has  been 
erected  by  the  New  York  State  Commission  on  the  summit  of  Stevens's 
Knoll,  and  its  dedication  on  September  20,  1902,  was  attended  by  many 
veterans  oi  his  command — the  Seventh  New  York  Infantry — and 
detachments  of  United  States  regulars. 

The  equestrian  statue  of  Maj.  Gen.  Winfield  S.  Hancock  on  East 
Cemetery  Hill,  which  had  been  dismounted  because  of  injuries  to  tin* 
pedestal  and  capstone  by  lightning,  has  been  restored  to  its  position, 
the  injuries  having  been  repaired  at  the  expense  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Pennsylvania. 

A  monumental  tablet,  with  suitable  inscription,  has  been  erected  at 
the  expense  of  the  association  specially  interested  in  it,  ea»t  of  Hancock 
avenue  in  the  field  of  the  Meade  statue,  to  mark  the  position  of  the 
One  hundred  and  fourteenth  Pennsylvania  Infantry  on  the  third  day 
of  the  battle. 

The  monument  and  guns  of  the  First  New  York  Light  Artillery 
(Fitzhugh's  battery)  have  been  moved,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  from  its  former  location  near  the  junction  of  Hancock 
and  Pleasonton  avenues  to  a  position  on  Hancock  avenue  to  the  left  of 
the  Eleventh  New  York  Battery,  upon  satisfactory  proof  that  this  was 
the  true  position.  The  work  of  removal  was  done  entirely  at  the 
expense  of  Colonel  Fitzhugh. 

WORK  OF  ENGINEERS'  DEPARTMENT. 

There  has  been  erected  on  the  field,  prior  to  this  year,  44,850  feet  of 
pipe  fencing,  and,  during  this  year,  12,500  feet,  making  57,350  feet  in 
all,  or  nearly  11  miles;  and  a  contract  has  been  made  for  the  erection 
of  over  2  miles  more. 

Of  post  and  rail  fencing  there  has  been  heretofore  erected  26,620 
feet,  and,  during  this  year,  10,500  feet,  making  37,120  feet  in  all,  or 
more  than  7  miles. 

Of  stone  fences,  21,292  feet  have  been  rebuilt  prior  to  the  present 
year,  and,  during  this  year,  2,775  feet,  making  24,067  feet  in  all,  or 
more  than  4£  miles. 

There  are  on  the  battlefield  over  19  miles  of  Telford  avenues  along 
the  battle  lines,  and  the  drains  and  gutters  along  them  are  being  paved 
wherever  needed.  Up  to  the  present  time  35,000  feet,  or  over  6  miles, 
of  this  paving  has  been  done  in  the  most  durable  style.  An  almost 
unlimited  suppry  of  excellent  flat  stones,  suited  for  this  purpose,  was 
found  on  the  western  slope  of  Big  Round  Top;  and  the  avenues,  with 
their  gutters  and  drains  paved  therewith,  will  indeed  last  for  years, 
scarcely  needing  any  repairs. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          89 
MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  storage  building,  for  the  shelter  and  protection  of  the  steam  rollers, 
mowers,  and  other  tools  and  implements  belonging  to  the  United  States 
and  used  on  the  Held,  has  been  erected  near  the  junction  of  Pleasonton 
avenue  with  the  Tan ey town  road. 

The  Commission  has  advertised  for  bids  to  construct  an  iron  bridge 
of  ample  span  and  height  over  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  on 
Reynolds  avenue,  and  a  number  of  bids  have  been  received  but  none 
as  yet  accepted. 

An  act  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania  having  conceded  the  privi- 
lege of  converting  any  or  all  of  the  public  roads  on  this  battlefield  into 
Telford  pikes  or  avenues,  and  a  permit  having  been  granted  our  Com- 
mission to  do  this  as  to  the  Taneytown  road  from  the  town  line  south- 
ward at  least  as  far  as  General  Meade's  headquarters,  and  also  the 
Wheatfield  road  from  Plum  Run  Valley  across  the  battlefield  to  West 
Confederate  avenue,  it  is  our  purpose  to  make  these  two  improvements 
at  as  earl}"  a  date  as  practicable.  ' 

Without  undertaking  to  specify  more  fully  all  the  details  of  interest 
respecting  our  work,  we  conclude  this  report  with  the  statement  of  a 
fact  very  gratifying  to  us — that,  of  the  man}'  thousands  of  visitors 
from  all  sections  of  our  country  who  throng  the  Gettysburg  National 
Park  each  year,  all  express  their  hearty  approval  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  Government  of  the  United  States  is  making  of  this  battle- 
field a  splendid  and  enduring  national  monument. 
Respectfully, 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 

Chairman, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
CHAS.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 

The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


THIRTY-THIRD  REUNION  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE 

POTOMAC. 

GETTYSBURG,  PA.,  September  19  and  20,  1902. 
******* 

Gen.  JAMES  A.  BEAVER.  Mr.  Chairman:  I  would  like  to  offer  a  resolution,  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  we  are  in  session  at  Gettysburg,  and  that  is  to  commend  the  work  of 
the  present  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Commission,  and  recommend  to  Congress  future 
appropriations  for  the  work.  You  have  heard  the  report  already  made  that  there 
has  been  only  about  $400,000  expended,  in  comparison  with  the  work  which  has 
been  done  elsewhere.  I  am  very  sure  that  every  man  who  sees  this  will  realize  that 
the  United  States  has  received  110  cents  for  every  dollar  that  has  been  expended,  and  it 
seems  to  me  that  it  would  be  altogether  inappropriate  for  us  to  adjourn  without  com- 
mending in  some  way  the  work  of  this  Commission,  and  recommending  to  our 
Representatives  in  Congress  the  care  of  this  battlefield.  I  therefore  move  you,  sir, 
the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  society,  the  members  of  which  have  viewed  with  sincere 
pleasure  the  work  of  our  battlefield  commission,  earnestly  recommends  to  Congress 
the  continued  care  and  extension  of  the  work  of  the  Commission  on  this  field. 

The  resolution  was  cheered  and  adopted. 
******* 

JOHN  R.  BROOKE,  President. 
H.  C.  KING,  Secretary. 


90         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

At  a  regular  encampment  of  U.  S.  <  irant  Post,  No.  327,  Department  of  New  York, 
Grand  Army  of  tin-  Hi-public,  held  at  its  quarters  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  on  the  28th 
day  of  October,  1902,  the  following  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted,  the  adju- 
tant In-ing  instructed  to  transmit  duly  authenticated  copies  of  the  same  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  the  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  the  chairman 
of  tin-  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission: 

Whereas  many  comrades  of  this  post  have  visited  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg; 
have  driven  over  the  beautiful  avenues  which  follow  the  undulating  lines  of  battle  of 
the  contending  armies,  and  observed  the  substantial  and  permanent  character  of  [In- 
road ways,  bridges,  fences,  retaining  walls,  and  observation  towers;  have  noted  ho\v 
carefully  the  names  of  historic  points  on  the  field  have  been  retained,  the  natural  and 
artificial  breastworks  restored,  and  the  ground,  forests,  roads,  and  >t  reams  preserved 
substantially  as  they  existed  at  the  time  of  the  battle;  have  seen  the  appropriately 
inscribed  iron  tablets  marking  and  recording  the  positions,  formations,  and  move- 
ments of  infantry,  artillery,  and  cavalry  commands — Union  and  Confederate — during, 
preceding,  and  after  the  battle;  have  admired  the  bronze  statues  of  renowned  officers 
whose  familiar  names  l>ecame  household  words  on  the  day  of  Gettysburg;  have  looked 
with  pride  upon  the  hundreds  of  monuments  of  stone  and  of  granite  patriotically 
erected  to  commemorate  regimental  valor  and  prowess — although  noting,  with  regret, 


the  absence  of  regular  army  monuments — and,  as  veteran  soldiers  of  the  civil  war, 
have  contemplated  with  surprise  and  delight  {he  character,  scope,  and  extent  of  the 
work  so  comprehensively  undertaken  and  intelligently  performed  by  the  <  Jettysburg 
National  Park  Commission,  under  whose  hands  Gettysburg  has  already  become  the 
best  plotted  and  marked  of  all  battle  grounds;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  No.  327,  Department  of  New  York,  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic,  unreservedly  approves  the  patriotic  purpose  of  the  National  Gov- 
ernment suitably  and  adequately  to  preserve  the  battle  ground  of  Gettysburg  as  a 
National  Park; 

That  we  particularly  and  specially  praise  the  skillful  and  faithful  work  of  Col. 
John  P.  Nicholson,  Maj.  William  M."  Robbins,  and  Maj.  Charles  A.  Richardson,  the 
members  of  the  Commission,  through  whom  the  successful  realization  of  the  pur- 
pose of  the  Government  is  being  so  thoroughly  carried  out; 

That  fully  appreciating  the  splendid  result**  already  achieved,  but  realizing  that 
much  still  remains  to  be  accomplished  before  this  noble  project  will  be  completed, 
this  post  earnestly  expresses  the  hope  that  the  Commission  may  continue  to  receive 
the  liberal  support  of  Congress,  to  the  end  that  its  work,  when  finally  completed, 
may  be  a  fitting  and  enduring  memorial  of  the  patriotism  and  valor  of  the  American 
soldier. 

[SEAL.]  AUGUSTUS  C.  TATE, 

Commander. 

Attest: 

PHILIP  S.  CLARK,  Adjutant. 


h  of  avenues  on  the  Gettysburg  Imtllefield. 

Feet. 

1  toward  avenue  from  Harrisburg  road  to  Mummasburg  road 5,  750 

Reynolds  avenue  from  Buford  avenue  to  Hagerstown  road 5'  250 

Huford  avenue  from  Mummasburg  road  to  Reynolds  avenue 3J  435 

Seminary  avenue  from  Chambersburg  pike  to'Hagerstown  road 2, 500 

Slocum  avenue  from  Baltimore  pike  to  Spangler's  spring 6^  373 

East  Confederate  avenue  from  Gettysburg  to  Spangler's  spring 7  241 

I  lanoock  avenue  from  Taneytown  road  to  United  States  avenue 1\  825 

Meade  avenue  from  Tanevtown  road  to  Hancock  avenue '  950 

I  leMODton  avenue  from  f aneytown  road  to  Hancock  avenue 1 , 594 

United  States  avenue  from  Hancock  avenue  to  Emmitsburg  road 4, 150 

Sedgwick  avenue  from  United  States  avenue  to  Wheatfield  road 2  841 

Sykes  avenue  from  Wheatfield  road  to  Round  Top 2, 997 

Wright  avenue  from  Chaml>erlain  avenue  to  Taneytown  road  . .  3'  000 

( 'ra wford  avenue  from  Devil's  Den  to  Wheatfield  road 3*  530 

Sickles  avenue  from  Devil's  Den  to  Emmitsburg  road G'  515 

West  Confederate  avenue  from  Hagerstown  road  to  W7heatfield  road  10*  470 

Section  4,  West  Confederate  avenue  from  AVheatfield  road  to  Emmitsburg  road.  3,  700 

Section  5,  West  Confederate  avenue  from  Emmitsburg  road  to  section  6 2  470 

Section  (i,  West  Confederate  avenue  from  section  5  to  section  7 ] '  840 

Section  7,  West  Confederate  avenue  from  section  7  to  section  8  .  2'  850 

Section  8,  West  Confederate  avenue  from  section  7  to  Svkes  avenue  l'  617 

Warren  avenue  from  Sykes  avenue  to  Crawford  avenue".  1  550 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITAEY    PARK    COMMISSION.  91 

Feet. 

Chamberlain  avenue  from  Sykes  avenue  southerly  to  Sykes 1 ,  050 

Stone  avenue  from  Chambersburg  pike  to  Reynolds  woods : 900 

Meredith  avenue  from  Reynolds  woods  to  Reynolds  avenue 1, 950 

Wadsworth  avenue  from  Doubleday  avenue  to  Reynolds  avenue 900 

Doubleday  avenue  from  Mummasburg  road  to  Wads  worth  avenue 2, 150 

Robinson  avenue  from  Mummasburg  road  to  Doubleday  avenue 950 

Wheatfleld  avenue  from  Excelsior,  field  to  Wheatfield  woods 1 , 100 

Reynolds  Branch  avenue  in  Reynolds  woods 492 

avenue  from  Slocum  avenue  to  Spangler's  spring 2,  036 


Total , .  99, 376 

Or  18.825  miles. 

Li*l  of  photographs  to  accompany  report  of  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission,  1903. 

1.  Buford  avenue,  looking  south. 

2.  Stone  avenue,  from  Reynolds  Grove. 

3.  Meredith  avenue,  looking  south. 

4.  Paved  gutters  on  West  Confederate  avenue. 

5.  Poague's  howitzers  and  earthworks,  West  Confederate  avenue. 

6.  Itinerary  tablets,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  West  Confederate  avenue. 

7.  Storage  building,  Pleasonton  avenue. 

•  8.  Statue  to  Maj.  Gen.  H.  W.  Slocum,  Stevens  Knoll,  looking  southwest. 

9.  Statue  to  Maj.  Gen.  H.  W.  Slocum,  looking  east. 

10.  Building  between  the  Round  Tops. 

11.  Infantry  tablet,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  West  Confederate  avenue. 

12.  New  fencing  on  Howard  avenue. 
1.'!.  New  fencing  on  Slocum  avenue. 
14.  Xew  fencing  on  Gregg  avenue. 
!;">.  Xew  fencing  on  Gregg  avenue. 

Ifi.  One  hundred  and  fourteenth  Pennsylvania  marker,  Hancock  avenue. 

17.  View  of  completed  bridge  over  Plum  Run,  looking  north. 

18.  View  of  completed  bridge  over  Plum  Run,  looking  south. 

Blueprints  accompanying  the  report  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  of  1903. 

No.  477.  Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Robert  Sheads. 

No.  478.  Tract  of  land  belonging  to  J.  S.  Forney. 

No.  479.  Tract  of  land  conveyed  by  heirs  of  Amos  Leister. 

No.  480.  Tract  of  woodland  conveyed  by  Benjamin  F.  Redding. 

No.  481.  Tract  of  land  belonging  to  AVilliam  A.  Himes  and  J.  E.  C.  Miller  in  Mount 

Pleasant  Township. 
No.  482.  Tract  of  land  belonging  to  William  A.  Himes  and  J.  E.  C.  Miller  in  Mount 

Pleasant  Township. 

No.  483.  Retaining  wall  on  Stone  avenue. 
No.  484.  Storage  building  and  plan  for  cannon  platform. 
No.  485.  Springs  road  from  Seminary  avenue  to  Willoughby  Run. 
No.  486.  Military  map  showing  the  operations  of  the  Union  and  Confederate  armies 

from  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  to  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  1861  to  1865. 
No.  487.  Stadia  rod. 

No.  488.  Profile  of  railroad  cut  at  crossing  of  Reynolds  avenue. 
No.  489.  Plan  of  Wright  avenue  from  Chamberlain  avenue  to  Taneytown  road. 
No.  490.  Drawings  accompanying  application  for  space  within  War  Department 

exhibit  at  the  St.  Louis  Exhibition,  1904. 
No.  491.  Plan  for  floor  space  in  four  compartments  in  the  War  Department  exhibit 

at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition.     One  of  the  compartments,  20  by  25  feet — 500 

square  feet — to  be  set  apart  for  the  use  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park 

Commission. 

List  of  tablets  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg  marking  organizations  of  the  Union  Army. 

BATTERY   TABLETS. 

Wilkinson;  Kinsey;  Kinsey,  second  section;  Rugg;  Taft;  Taft,  second  section; 
Stewart;  Dilger;  Bancroft;  Eakin;  Edgell;  Butler;  Woodruff;  Martin;  Gushing; 
Wier;  Thomas;  Hazlett;  Turnbull;  Seeley;  Williston;  Heaton;  Calef;  Penning- 
ton;  Randol;  Graham;  Elder;  Watson;  Calef,  second  section;  Smith,  second 
section 30 


92          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

UNITED  STATES   CAVALRY   TABLETS. 

First,  Second,  Fifth,  and  Sixth  Cavalry 4 

UNITED   STATES    INFANTRY    TABLETS. 

Second,  Third,  Fourth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  Fourteenth, 
and  Seventeenth  Infantry 10 

ITINERARY   TABLETS   OF   MOVEMENTS  OF  THE   ARMY   OF  THE   POTOMAC. 

On  Kast  Cemetery  Hill,  Gettysburg  battlefield 9 

At  Two  Taverns,  "Pa 2 

At  Littlestown,  Pa 1 

At  Hanover,  Pa 2 

At  Manchester,  Md 2 

At  Westminster,  Md 2 

At  Uniontown,  Md 1 

At  Middleburg,  Md 1 

At  Taneytown,  Md 2 

At  Fairfield,  Pa 1 

At  Kmmitsburg,  Md 2 

At  Hunterstown,  Pa 1 

DISTANCE    AND    DIRECTION   TABLETS. 

On  roads  radiating  from  Gettysburg 12 

Total 82 

List  of  tablets  on  the  battlefield  cf  Celtyxbnry  marking  organizations  of  Die  Army  of 

Northern  Virginia. 

BRIGADE  TABLETS. 

On  East  Confederate  avenue:  Hay*,  Gordon,  Hoke,  Jones,  Nicholls,  O'Neal, 
Daniel,  Steuart,  Walker,  Smith 10 

On  West  Confederate  avenue:  McGo wan,  Thomas,  Brockenbrough,  Lane,  Davis, 
Mahone,  Scales,  Pettigrew,  Posey,  Archer,  Wright,  Garnett,  Armistead, 
Kemper,  Perry,  Wilcox,  Wofford,  Barksdale 18 

ARTILLERY    BATTALION   TABLETS. 

On  West  Confederate  avenue:  Dance,  Mclntosh,  Garnett,  Pegram,  Lane, 
Poague,  Dearing,  Eshleman,  Alexander,  Cabell,  Henry 11 

BATTERY    TABLETS. 


|  «  •  .  *-i*  _  '       «»*x^»  j       AVBAVVWJ      AH\J\J^l  >  .        J.  t*y  - 

lor,  Parker  Jordan,  A\  ool folk,  C'arlton  (first  section),  Manlv,  Carlton  (second 
section) ,  McCarthy,  Fra/er,  Latham,  Bachman.  Garden,  Reilly 47 


CONFEDERATE    ARMY    DIVISION   TAHLETS. 


At  Black  Horse  Tavern 
On  Seminarv  avenue  . . 


ITINERARY    TABLETS. 

On  Confederate  avenue:  June  26,  27,  28,  29,  30;  July  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  ...  10 

Total.. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  1904 


16175—05 7  93 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1904, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARR  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  W,  1904. 

SIR:  The  Comissioners  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park  respectfully 
submit  the  following  report  of  the  progress  of  their  work  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1904,  with  suggestions  for  its  further  prosecution 
and  completion: 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

Wright  avenue,  which  runs  from  the  southern  base  of  Little  Round 
Top  around  the  eastern  slope  of  Round  Top  and  thence  to  the  Taney- 
town  road,  has  been  completed.  It  follows  the  line  and  marks  the 
position  of  the  troops  to  which  was  assigned  the  duty  of  guarding 
the  southern  or  left  flank  of  the  Union  Army.  It  is  constructed,  as 
are  all  the  avenues  on  this  battlefield,  upon  the  Telford  system,  with 
its  base  14  or  15  inches  thick,  formed  of  paving  stone,  broken  stone, 
and  screenings,  thoroughly  rolled  with  a  14-ton  roller,  and  well  drained 
on  each  side.  It  is  1,000  yards  in  length  and  16  feet  wide.  Part  of  it 
is  located  upon  land  recently  purchased  for  the  United  States  by  the 
Commission,  so  as  to  secure  a  suitable  grade. 

Meredith  avenue,  which  runs  southward  through  Reynolds  woods 
and  then  eastward  along  the  border  of  said  woods  to  Reynolds  avenue, 
was  completed  last  year  to  the  southern  border  of  said  woods;  but,  a 
dispute  arising  as  to  the  title  of  the  land  on  which  the  last-mentioned 
section  of  the  avenue  lies,  the  work  on  it  was  suspended.  This  dispute, 
however,  has  been  recently  settled  by  condemnation  proceedings  and 
the  contractor  has  resumed  work  on  that  section  of  the  avenue,  which 
will  be  satisfactorily  completed  soon. 

A  survey  has  been  made  by  the  engineer  of  a  suitable  route  for  an 
avenue  from  the  infantry  battlefield  to  the  cavalry  field,  2^  miles  north- 
eastward from  the  town.  The  route  surveyed  is  upon  good  ground 
and  the  grades  light;  and  also  we  have  learned  from  the  owners  of 
some  of  the  lands  the  prices  to  be  paid.  We  estimate  that  the  total 
cost  of  a  strip  of  land  50  feet  wide,  suitable  for  such  avenue,  will  be 
about  $2,700. 

The  cavalry  field,  disconnected  as  it  is  from  that  of  the  infantry  and 
artillery,  can  only  be  reached  now  from  Gettysburg  by  a  circuitous 
route  of  about  4  miles  over  hilly  and  rough  roads.  For  this  reason 
it  is  but  little  known  and  rarely  visited  though  much  labor  and  money 
have  been  spent  by  several  States  and  by  cavalry  organizations,  through 
the  memorial  association,  for  the  purchase  of  land  and  erection  of  mon- 
uments thereon,  and  also  a  large  amount  of  work  has  been  done  there 

95 


96  (SKTTYSWIW    NATIONAL    MILITARY     1'AKK    <  <  >.M  M  ISMc  .N. 

and  money  expended  by  tin-  I'nited  States  through  the  Park  Commis- 
-i«.ii  for  purchase  of  land,  laying  out  and  maintenance  of  avenues  and 
care  of  the  Held  in  general. 

The  total  length  of  avenue-  completed  by  the  Commission  is  about 
•jo  mile-,  of  \\l7ieh  KJ  miles  are  -20  to  25  feet  wide  and  about  4  miles 
are  it;  feet  wide.  The  principal  reason  for  making  these  narrower 
than  the  average,  as  for  instance  Slocum  avenue  over  and  aloiig Gulp's 
Hill.  \\a-  that  they  were  steep  and  winding  and  to  widen  them  would 
>eriou-dv  mar  the  lace  of  the  ground  which  the  Commission  have  taken 
«rreat  eare  to  preserve  as  nearly  as  possible  as  it  was  at  the  time  of 

The  battle. 

ACQUISITION   OF   LANDS. 

The  following  lands  have  been  purchased  this  year: 

Acres. 
Pared  of  land  covered  with  forest  and  situate  alongside  of  West  Confederate 

avenue,  purchased  from  Mrs.  Sarah  Plank 24.50 

Pan  d  fn>m  Calvin  Krise  on  Little  Round  Top 3.  16 

Parcel  in >m  <  ieor-re  Trostle  near  the  wheat  field 2.  50 

I 'a  red  from  Melchior  Wolf  on  cavalry  field , 75 

Pared  from  Newton  Tawney  on  cavalry  field 67 

Making  in  all  during  this  year 31.  58 

The  two  small  parcels  purchased  from  Messrs.  Wolf  and  Tawne}-  on 
the  eavalrv  Held  were  required  for  the  completion  of  needed  avenues. 

Area  of  lands  now  owned  here  on  the  battlefield  by  the  Government 
'IN  l.;;M>.'.»:;4-s  aeres.  or  about  2J-  square  miles. 

There  are  now  under  condemnation  proceedings  four  tracts  or  parcels 
of  land  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Springs  and  Hotel  Company,  rep- 
resented by  tne  receivers,  containing  36.56  acres. 

There  is  also  a  parcel  of  land  belonging  to  the  McAllister  heirs,  sit- 
uate on  Rock  Creek  east  of  Gulp's  Hill,  which  has  already  been  bar- 
gained for  and  a  price  agreed  on,  but  by  reason  of  some  peculiarities 
in  the  ownership  we  will  have  to  go  into  court  to  get  valid  title. 
Area,  6.56  acres. 

MONUMENTAL   AND   OTHER   WORKS. 

Kleven  additional  gun  carriages  have  been  ordered  to  be  set  up  and 
mounted  with  guns  on  the  cavalry  field,  viz: 

Two  mounted  with  10-pounder  Parrotts,  marking  the  position  of 
(neen'>  battery,  "The  Louisiana  Guard  Artillery." 

Two  mounted  with  3-inch  rifles,  marking  the  position  of  Breathed's 
Virginia  battery. 

Two  mounted  with  Napoleons  and  two  with  3-inch  rifles  belonging 
to  and  marking  the  position  of  McGregor's  Virginia  batter}'. 

Two  mounted  with  howitzers  and  marking  tne  position  of  Thomas 
K.  . lack-foil's  Virginia  battery. 

One  mounted  with  a  3-inch  rifle  and  marking  (with  a  gun  previously 
located)  the  position  of  Pennington's  Union  battery,  on  Cavalry  avenue 
north  of  the  Hanover  road. 

The  number  of  guns  now  mounted  on  the  battlefield,  including  these, 
is  3i'i'. 

A  monumental  bron/e  tablet  has  been  erected  on  Section  V,  Con- 
federate avenue.  1  mile  west  of  Round  Top.  at  the  place  where  the 
Fourth  Alabama  Infantry  Regiment,  of  Hood's  division,  formed  line 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          97 

a  mile  west  of  Round  Rop  and  started  with  the  other  regiments  of  the 
brigade  in  the  charge  upon  the  Union  position  on  Little  Round  Top, 
and  an  inscription  cast  on  the  tablet  in  raised  letters  states  the  move- 
ments, services,  and  losses  of  the  regiment  in  the  battle. 

Four  guide  tablets  have  been  set  up  on  Wright  avenue,  four  on 
Meredith  and  Stone  avenues,  one  on  Sykes  avenue,  and  one  at  the 
Plank  woods,  making  a  total  of  461  metallic  tablets  now  on  the  field. ' 

Twelve  thousand  feet  of  pipe  fencing  has  been  erected  this  year, 
making  in  all  over  13  miles  of  the  same  now  on  the  field. 

Twenty  thousand  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  of  post  fencing  has 
this  }-ear  been  erected,  making  now  over  11  miles  thereof  on  the  field. 

One  thousand  five  hundred  and  thirt}'  feet  of  stone  walls  have  been 
rebuilt  and  restored  during  the  year,  which,  together  with  those 
previously  restored,  make  now  on  the  battlefield  25,597  feet,  or  over 
4|  miles,  of  stone  walls  as  originally  on  the  field. 

Sixty-seven  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-six  feet,  or  about 
12f  miles,  of  gutter  paving  has  been  done  alongside  of  the  Telford 
avenues,  most  of  it  this  year,  in  the  best  and  most  durable  style,  to 
prevent  damage  to  the  avenues  from  rainstorms  and  floods,  and  these 
finely  paved  gutters  have  proved  to  be  most  effective  and  successful  in 
accomplishing  that  purpose  and  protecting  the  battlefield  in  general 
from  injury  by  the  heavy  rains  wnich  are  not  uncommon  here. 

GUARDS   AND   LABORERS. 

Five  guards  are  employed  on  the  field,  as  has  been  the  case  since  the 
first  establishrnent  of  the  park,  and  they  are  very  necessary  and  useful 
in  preventing  injuries  to  the  public  work  and  mutilation  of  the  monu- 
ments by  mischievous  visitors  and  foolish  relic  hunters.  They  are  each 
required  to  file  a  written  report  every  evening,  so  that  needful  orders 
may  be  given  and  everything  on  the  field  properly  cared  for. 

From  about  the  middle  of  March  to  the  middle  of  December  36 
laborers  are  employed  and  on  duty  for  eight  hours  on  each  week  day, 
busy  in  all  the  various  kinds  of  work  required,  and  2  two-horse  teams 
and  4  one-horse  carts  are  on  duty  doing  the  needed  hauling  of  stone, 
screenings,  earth,  lumber,  etc.,  as  required.  The  workmen  are 
required  to  keep  everything  about  their  work  in  such  shape  that  the 
field  shall  always  appear  as  nearly  as  possible  neat  and  finished,  while 
in  fact  there  is  always  a  large  amount  of  important  work  in  progress. 

TREES   PLANTED. 

A  map  was  prepared  b}^  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  engineer,  showing 
the  parts  of  the  field  which  have  been  partly  or  wholly  denuded  of 
trees  since  the  battle,  forty-one  years  ago,  and  plans  were  prepared 
to  reforest  those  portions  which  have  been  purchased  and  now  belong 
to  the  United  States;  and  this,  in  fact,  very  nearly  covers  all  the  land 
on  the  battlefield  which  was  wooded  then  and  cleared  since. 

One  thousand  trees  were  planted  in  the  autumn  of  1893,  in  the 
groves  of  the  national  park,  where  the  forest  had  been  thinned  out  and 
marred  by  cutting  and  carrying  away  part  of  the  growth. 

Eighty-one  hundred  trees  were  purchased  and  received  in  the  months 
of  April  and  May,  1904,  and  these  were  planted  by  the  laborers  of  the 
Commission  under  the  supervision  of  S.  B.  Detwiler,  iield  assistant, 
United  States  Bureau  of  Forestry.  They  were  planted  on  Seminary 


98          ..KTTYSHfKU    NATIONAL    MILITARY     1'AKK    COMMISSION. 

Ridge,  on  United  States  land  south  of  the  McMillan  woods,  and  south- 
erly along  the  border  of  West  Confederate  avenue  to  the  Wheattield 
roall.  a  distance  of  nearly  -1  miles;  and  the  residue  on  the  Masonheimer 
land,  south  of  I '::it:-(l  States  avenue.  Since  the  planting  of  the  afore- 
said trees  tin-  -ru-on  has  been  in  the  main  favorable  and  nearly  all  of 
them  seem  to  be  growing. 

EXHIBIT   AT   THE   ST.  LOUIS   EXPOSITION. 

This  exhibit  was  prepared  by  order  of  Secretary  of  War  Root.  It 
was  completed  and  shipped  to  St.  Louis  in  April.  1904,  and  installed 
in  the  excellent  position  allotted  to  the  Commission.  The  floor  space 
assigned  is  16  by  20  feet,  and  the  wall  space  360  square  feet.  Our 
exhurit  consists  of  the  following  works,  gotten  up  with  care  bjr  our 
engineer,  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  and  his  assistants,  viz: 

1.  A  relief  map  14  feet  long  by  10£  feet  wide,  and  representing  24 
square  miles,  or  substantially  the  entire  battlefield,  with  all  its  feature^ 
of  hill  and  valley,  field  and  forest,  roads,  buildings,  stream-*,  bridge^ 
everything  in  fact  as  it  existed  at  the  date  of  the  battle,  and  executed 
with  such  skill  and  accuracy  that  everyone  who  saw  it  in  Gettysburg 
\\a>  tilled  with  admiration.     It  was  shipped  to  St.  Louis  and  put  in 
position  with  great  care,  fortunately  without  injury. 

2.  Two  tables,  each  5  feet  long  by  3  feet  wide  and  covered  with 
large  volumes  of  blueprints,  showing  a  great  number  and  variety  of 
objects  and  scenes  on  the  battlefield,  among  them  the  charge  of  Picket  t 
and   IVttigrew,  and  many  other  episodes  and  features  of  the  great 
battle.     (The  above  are  placed  on  the  floor  space.) 

:;.  A  framed  blueprint  map  of  the  battlefield,  40  by  48  inches  in 
dimensions,  completed  in  190<>. 

4.  A  framed  blueprint  map  of  the  battlefield,  38  by  53  inches,  made 
in  r.»«>:;. 

5.  Five  framed  white  prints  of  the  battlefield,  as  it  was  in  1863, 
showing  the  positions  of  the  troops  of  both  armies  on  the  different 
days  of  the  battle.     The  scale  of  tnese  white  prints  is  600  feet  to  the 
inch. 

6.  A  framed  map  on  Whatman  paper,  44  by  50  inches,  the  surveys 
for  which  were  made  by  order  of  General  Meade  in  August,  September, 
and  October,  1863,  when  the  field  was  in  the  condition  caused  by  the 
then  recent  battle.     The  work  was  done  by  a  party  of  topographical 
engineers  from  headquarters,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  under  the 
supervision  of  Colonel  Cope. 

<.  A  framed  print  showing  the  positions  of  monuments,  markers, 
batteries,  etc.,  on  this  field,  as  fixed  by  Colonel  Cope,  engineer  of  the 
Commission,  and  his  assistants. 

8.  A  framed  map  of  the  battlefield  of  Antietam,  as  made  from  sur- 
veys by  Colonel  Cope  and  hi>  a>-i>tants. 

!».  A  very  large  photograph,  showing  almost  the  whole  of  the  battle- 
field of  Gettysburg,  taken  from  the  summit  of  Little  Round  Top. 

lit.  Fortv--i\  larg«-  frame  photographs,  giving  views  of  all  part>  of 
the  battlefield  and  showing  much  of  the  work  done  by  the  Commission. 

VISITORS   TO   THE    KIELD. 

Multitudes  of  our  countrymen  from  all  sections  come  here,  and 
many  persons  of  distinction  have  visited  the  Gettysburg  battlefield 


GETTYSBUKG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.         99 

during  the  past  year,  among  them  Theodore  Roosevelt,  President  of 
the  United  States;  Hon.  Robert  Shaw  Oliver,  Assistant  Secretary  of 
War;  Lieut.  Gen.  Ian  Hamilton,  quartermaster-general  of  the  British 
army,  and  A.  K.  Muir,  baronet;  H.  M.  Durand,  British  ambassador, 
and  Hubert  Foster,  lieutenant-colonel  Royal  Engineers;  George  B. 
Davis,  Judge- Advocate-General,  IT.  S.  Army;  Wallace  F.  Randolph, 
major-general,  U.  S.  Army;  Brig.  Gen.  John  C.  Black,  commander  in 
chief,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  Maj.  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard;  Hon. 
Leslie  M.  ShawT,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  Hon.  Henry  C.  Payne, 
Postmaster-General,  and  many  others.  We  are  glad  to  say  that  all 
these  distinguished  persons  spoke  in  the  most  complementary  terms  of 
the  work  done  by  the  Commission. 

CONCLUSION. 

There  are  a  few  important,  though  not  large  parcels  of  land  mainly 
on  the  Confederate  portion  of  the  battlefield,  which  should  yet  be 
acquired,  and  monumental  tablets  erected  thereon  with  inscriptions,  and 
guns  mounted  to  mark  the  positions  of  batteries;  and  some  short  ave- 
nues constructed  leading  to  important  points;  and  when  these  things 
are  done,  in  addition  to  the  great  and  enduring  work  which  has  already 
been  finished,  we  think  the  object  of  the  Government  in  establishing 
the  Gettysburg  National  Park  will  have  been  substantially  accom- 
plished. It  will  be  observed  from  what  is  stated  in  this,  as  well  as  in 
previous  annual  reports,  that  we  have  in  general  thought  the  instruc- 
tions issued  to  the  Commission  were  wise,  to  purchase  from  time  to 
time  but  small  parcels  of  land  instead  of  large  tracts;  for  the  important 
events  of  the  great  battle  could  be  commemorated  by  monuments 
occupying  but  a  comparatively  small  space,  and  the  needless  purchase 
of  great  areas  would  not  only  cost  heavity,  but  would  entail  a  contin- 
uous useless  expense  to  maintain  them,  although  vacant,  in  a  condition 
becoming  the  Government.  In  our  opinion  the  acquisition  of  any 
further  extensive  tracts  of  land  here  by  the  United  States  would  be  a 
waste  of  public  funds,  and  we  think  one  more  liberal  appropriation  by 
Congress,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1906,  will  enable  the 
Commission  to  complete  the  Gettysburg  National  Park  in  a  manner 
worthy  of  the  Government  and  satisfactory  to  every  section  of  the 
country;  and  when  it  is  complete  only  a  modest  amount  will  be  required 
to  maintain  it  and  to  employ  sufficient  guards  to  protect  a  public  prop- 
erty now  aggregating  in  value  millions  of  dollars. 

Through  correspondence  the  addresses  of  over  500  survivors  of  the 
United  States  regular  commands  have  been  secured  and  their  state- 
ments regarding  the  positions  of  the  regular  regiments  and  batteries 
are  being  noted.  B}r  a  clerical  omission  Battery  E,  Fourth  U.  S. 
Artillery,  was  omitted  in  the  act.  This  was  rectified  by  the  Senate 
unanimously  passing  a  special  appropriation  for  the  monument,  which 
is  now  in  the  House  of  Representatives.  When  this  becomes  a  law 
the  monuments  will  be  contracted  for  by  advertisement. 

As  long  as  the  survivors'  associations  of  the  war  of  1 861-1865  continue 
there  will  be  erected  upon  the  battlefield  at  Gettysburg  costly  and 
elaborate  memorials,  the  interest  in  the  field  increasing  through  the 
work  of  the  Government. 

The  State  of  Pennsylvania  has  appropriated  $150,000,  available  in 
1905,  to  erect  a  monument  to  the  soldiers  upon  the  field. 


100        (iKTTY-BfRG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

The  State  of  New  York  is  erecting  a  monument  to  the  Oneida  Com- 
pany. Independent  Cavalry,  at  (ieneral  Meade's  headquarters,  and  the 
Commi->ion  are  proceeding  with  the  details  to  erect  the  monument-  to 
the  regular  commands,  as  authorized  ^y  Congress. 

\\Y'a-U  CoiioTr-s  to  n'ive  a  lil»eral  appropriation  at  its  next  session 
for  the  completion  of  this  great  monumental  work  with  the  li>eal 
vear  1!  "i5-6. 

Respectfully,  JOHX  P.  NICHOLSON. 

Chairman. 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS. 
CHAS.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST    OK    BLUEPRINTS   TO    ACCOMPANY    ANNUAL    KEPORT,    1904. 

492.— Tract  of  land  on  Cavalry  Field,  Newton  A.  Tawney,  July  27,  1903. 

493. — Tract  of  land,  McAllister's  Woods. 

493J. — Two  tracts,  Nos.  3  and  4,  Springs  and  Hotel  Company,  August  12,  1903. 

494."— Tract  of  land,  Henry  A.  Wolf,  Cavalry  Field,  September  8,  1903. 

495. — New  lodge,  national  cemetery,  August  24,  1903. 

496.— Tract  of  land,  Plank's  Woods,  September  11,  1903. 

497. — Battlefield  of  Antietam,  showing  troops,  September  11,  1903. 

498. — Catch  basin,  as  used  on  Gettysburg  National  Park,  September  5,  1903. 

4'.t9.—  <  iettysburg  Springs  and  Hotel  Company,  north  of  Hagerstown  road. 

500. — Plan  of  table  for  relief  map. 

501 B. — Drawing,  space  at  St  Louis  Exposition,  500  feet. 

502.— Drawing,  space  at  St.  Louis  Exposition,  320  feet,  March  23,  1904. 

503. — Drawing  for  temporary  extension  of  rostrum,  May  17,  1904. 

504.— Two  tracts,  Mrs.  H.  T*.  Scbrivcr  and  C.  W.  Ziegler,  June  15,  1904. 

505.— One  tract,  C.  W.  Ziegler,  June  15,  1905. 

BOO.     <>nc  tract,  George  K.  Stock.  June  15,  19(14. 

607.     Out- tract.  Henry  (iilliraith.  June  15,  1904. 

-One  tract,  Dr.  W.  H.  Deardorf,  June  15,  1904. 

One  tract,  Andrew  Topper,  June  15,  1904. 
RIO.— One  tract,  Lydia  Deatrick,  June  15,  1904. 
511.— One  tract,  W.  ( '.  Storriek,  June  15,  1904. 
512.— One  tract,  Ed.  Trostle,  June  15,  1904. 
513.— One  tract,  George  Trostle,  June  15,  1904. 
514.— Map  of  battlefield,  600  feet  scale,  1903,  June  15,  1904. 

LIST   OK    PHOTOGRAPHS,  1904. 

1.— Wright  avenue  from  Chamberlain  avenue. 

2. —  Wright  avenue  showing  wall  breastworks. 

3. — Wright  avenue  looking  east. 

4. — Stone  wall,  breastwork,  Doubleday  avenue. 

5.— Stone  wall,  breastwork,  Taneytown  road,  General  Meade's  headquarters. 

(1. — Stone  wall,  breastwork,  Taneytown  road. 

7.— Stone  wall,  breastwork.  Taneytown  road,  storage  building. 

S.  — Fencing  on  Reynolds  avenue,  <  al-  f  >  battery  section. 

9. — (iiitter  pavini:  on  linford  avenue. 
10.—  Gutter  paving  on  I'nited  States  avenue. 
11. — Gutter  pavini.'  on  Warren  avenue. 
12. — <  -utter  paving  on  Sickles  avenue. 
13. — Retaining  wall  and  gutter  ou  Stone  avenue. 
14. — Grading  eari  end  Meredith  avenue. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.       101 

15. — Grading  Meredith  avenue  looking  west. 

16. — South  line  of  Rummel  Woods  from  Rommel  barn. 

17. — Avenue  on  Artillery  line,  Cavalry  Field. 

18.— From  Battery  M.  Second  United  States  Artillery,  Cavalry  Field,  showing  the 

Union  infantry  line  from  right  to  left. 

19. — Tablet  of  Fourth  Alabama  Infantry  Regiment,  section,  5. 
20. — Pardee  Field  from  Geary  avenue. 

21.— Pardee  Field  from  stone  wall,  breastwork,  on  south  spur  of  Gulp's  Hill. 
22. — Marker  to  Brig.  Gen.  Albion  P.  Howe's  headquarters. 
23. — Nineteenth  Indiana  monument. 

24.— Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Infantry  marker,  along  Rock  Creek. 
25. — Relief  map  of  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 


INSPECTION  REPORT,  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK. 


HEADQUARTERS  ATLANTIC  DIVISION. 

INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S  OFFICE, 
Governors  Island,  N.  Y.,  December  9,  1904- 

SIR:  I  have  the  honer  to  submit  the  following  report  of  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  details  of  the  work  as  carried  on  by  the  Gettysburg 
National  Park  Commission,  in  compliance  with  letter  of  instruction 
from  the  Military  Secretary's  Office,  dated  November  7,  1904. 

Personnel  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission. 

Lieut.  Col.  JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON,  Chairman. 
Maj.  WILLIAM  M.  ROBBINS. 
Maj.  CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON. 

EMPLOYEES. 

Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  COPE,  chief  engineer  and  superintendent,  at  $150  per  month. 

One  assistant  engineer,  at  §80  per  month. 

One  rodnian,  at  §50  per  month. 

( hie  assistant  superintendent,  at  $50  per  month. 

One  storekeeper  and  timekeeper,  at  $50  per  month. 

One  messenger,  at  $35  per  month. 

One  hostler,  at  $30  per  month. 

Five  guards,  at  $40  per  month  each. 

Total  monthly  pay  roll,  $645. 

On  the  date  of  inspection,  in  addition  to  the  above,  there  were 
emplo3red  27  laborers  at  $1.50  per  day;  3  carts,  with  horse  and  driver, 
at  $2.25  per  day,  and  2  teams,  with  driver,  at  $3.25  per  day.  The 
pay  roll  for  this  class  of  labor  during  the  month  of  November,  1904, 
|ras  $1,367.92. 

MEANS   OF   TRANSPORTATION   AND   IMPLEMENTS. 

Three  horses,  2  wagons,  1  cart,  1  steam  roller,  1  horse  roller,  2  bar 
mowers,  1  horse  lawn  mower,  1  water  cart. 

BUILDINGS. 
One  brick  fireproof  storehouse. 

OFFICE. 

The  office  of  the  Commission  is  located  in  the  town  of  Gettysourg, 
for  which  a  rental  of  $210  per  3Tear,  including  the  water  rent,  is  paid. 
The  average  cost  of  fuel  is  $24  per  37ear;  the  average  cost  of  lights, 
$30  per  year. 

103 


104       GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

The  animals  belonging  to  tin-  Commission  occupy  a  -table  in  the 
town,  for  which  a  rental  of  *tto  per  year  is  paid. 


BOOKS    AM)    RECORDS. 

Belonging  to  the  Commission: 

I.  Journal:  Extends  from  June  1,  1893,  to  date,  and  includes  12  volumes  of  over 
5,000  pages.  recording  each  day's  transactions  and  meetings  of  the  Commission. 

L'.   Contracts:   Full  details  of  the  work,  1893  to  1904,  hound  separately  in  r>L>  volumes. 

:;.  A  volume  embracing  legislative  history  of  the  battlefield  from  the  organi/ation 
of  the  (iettysburg  Battlefield  .Memorial  Association,  including  all  legislation  by  States 
and  the  National  (ioverninent. 

4,  Applications  by  the  Commission  for  authority  for  work  and  purchases,  with  the 
approval  of  the  War  I  Apartment,  embracing  12  quarto  volumes  arranged  by  year. 

.">.  Volume  containing  the  number  of  letters  written  daily,  relating  to  the  work 
since  1893. 

6.  Volume  containing  copy  of  every  Confederate  and  Union  inscription  prepared 
and  placed  on  the  field  by  the  Commission  since  1893. 

7.  Two  volumes,  folio,  containing  a  record  of  every  plat  or  piece  of  ground  trans- 
ferret!  to  the  United  States,  as  recorded,  with  full-page  drawing  of  the  property. 

8.  Four  volumes,  quarto,  showing  the  property  purchased,  accompanied  by  the 
agreement  of  the  owner  to  sell,  authority  from  the  Secretary  of  War  to  purchase, 
with  blueprint  description  of  the  land. 

9.  Three  folio  volumes,  containing  applications  from  State  commissions  and  associa- 
tions of  survivors  to  locate  monuments  and  tablets  since  1893,  with  the  correspond- 
ence relating  to  the  location,  designs,  and  inscriptions,  with  final  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  War. 

Engineer  Department: 

1.  Journal:  7  volumes,  July,  1893,  to  December,  1904. 

2.  Office  memoranda:  2  volumes,  July,  1893,  to  December,  1904. 

3.  Contract  book:  1  volume,  July,  1893,  to  December,  1904. 

4.  Cannon  account:  1  volume,  July,  1893,  to  December,  1904. 

'>.  General  information:  1  volume,  July,  1893,  to  December,  1904. 
•'..  Agreement  of  employees:  1  volume,  1893  to  December,  1904. 

7.  Account  book,  employees:  1  volume,  1895  to  December,  1904. 

8.  Account  book,  materials,  etc.:  4  volumes,  1896  to  December,  1904. 

9.  Record  of  position  of  troops:  1  volume,  July  1,  2,  and  3,  1863. 

10.  Applicants  for  position  on  force:  1  volume. 

II.  Drawings  and  tracings:   1  volume,  from  1893  to  1904. 
12.  Blueprints:   1  volume,  1893  to  1904. 


map,  position  of  troops 

18.  Book:  1  volume,  Warren  map,  position  of  troops  each  half  hour,  July  1'. 

19.  Book:  1  volume,  Warren  map,  position  of  troops  each  half  hour,  July  3. 

20.  Time  book,  kept  by  timekeeper. 

21.  List  of  tools,  kept  by  timekeeper. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  office  contains  IIOOKS  and  photographs 
<>f  every  monument  on  the  field:  views  of  all  the  different  work  on  the 
lidd;  photographs  of  important  building*  and  historic  places  on  the 
field  about  the  time  of  the  battle,  and  folio  books  containing  copies  of 
every  blueprint. 

The  above  records  are  very  full  and  complete.  I  do  not  see  that  the 
intelligent  system  followed  could  be  improved  upon.  Nearly  all  rec- 
ord- an-  of  great  historic  value,  and  some  means  should  be  provided 
at  an  early  date  to  guard  them  against  destruction  by  tire. 

HI  SINKSS    METHODS. 

The  Commission  doe.  not  disburse  funds.  The  money  appropriated 
for  the  work  done  by  tin-  Commission  is  disbursed  by '(he  disbursing 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.        105 

officer  of  the  War  Department  under  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of 
War.  The  amount  to  the  credit  of  the  appropriation  on  October  31, 
1904,  was  $46,905.63.  Except  in  case  of  veiy  minor  transactions,  all 
purchases  are  made  after  competitive  bids  are  requested  and  the  con- 
tract awarded.  All  bills  are  verified  and  signed  by  the  chief  engi- 
neer and  approved  by  the  chairman  of  the  Commission.  All  the  work 
on  property  included  in  the  park  is  done  by  contract  after  competi- 
tion, except  maintenance  and  general  repairs  to  roads,  fences,  etc.,  and 
the  construction  of  gutters. 

"  The  supervision  of  labor  and  record  of  work  done  and  time  employed 
is  excellent. 

GUARDS   AND   LABORERS. 

The  guards,  five  in  number,  h#ve  the  authority  of  deputy  marshals, 
and  are  employed  in  the  general  police  of  the  park  to  prevent  injuries 
to  the  public  work  or  the  mutilation  of  the  monuments,  and  are 
required  to  submit  each  evening  a  report  covering  their  observations 
and  work  done  during  the  da}%  indicating  what  monuments  or  roads 
require  repair  or  attention,  also  the  number  of  articles,  if  any,  which 
they  have  found  on  the  field.  The  number  of  laborers  is  reduced  to 
the  lowest  minimum  from  about  the  26th  of  December  eveiy  year  until 
about  the  middle  of  the  following  March. 

WORK   DONE. 

Since  July,  1893,  there  have  been  constructed  20  miles  of  telford 
avenues;  13|  miles  of  avenue  fencing,  built  of  locust  post  and  gas-pipe 
rails;  12i  miles  of  fencing  built  of  posts  and  rails;  13  miles  of  gutter 
paving.  Five  and  one-fourth  miles  of  stone  walls  have  been  rebuilt 
at  locations  where  stone  walls  existed  at  the  time  of  the  battle.  Three 
hundred  and  twenty-four  guns  have  been  mounted;  462  tablets  have 
been  erected,  and  17,100  trees  have  been  planted.  These  trees  are 
planted  on  ground  that  was  covered  with  trees  at  the  time  of  the  battle. 
All  this  work  has  been  well  done. 

The  roads  have  been  constructed  on  the  telford  system;  the  road- 
bed, carefully  graded  and  drained,  was  covered  with  a  course  of  stone 
paved  by  hand,  consisting  of  hard  stone  8  to  10  inches  long,  7  to  8 
inches  wide,  and  4  to  6  inches  thick;  and  bowlders  about  the  same 
size,  set  up  on  edge,  thickest  edge  down,  length  across  the  road,  and 
laid  so  as  to  break  joints  as  much  as  possible,  forming  a  rough,  irreg- 
ular pavement  8  inches  thick  over  the  whole  roadbed,  the  joints 
between  the  stones  being  chinked  and  knapped  with  smaller  stones  and 
stone  chips  driven  in,  projecting  points  above  8  inches  being  knocked 
off  with  a  hammer. 

A  course  of  stones  12  inches  high,  12  to  18  inches  long,  and  6  to  8  inches 
thick,  is  laid  at  the  sides  of  the  subgrade.  This  foundation  is  covered 
to  a  depth  of  5  inches  in  the  center  and  4  inches  at  the  sides  with 
broken  stone,  li-inch  dimensions.  This  is  rolled  by  a  13-ton  roller 
at  least  five  times  after  being  sprinkled.  One-half  inch  of  clay  is  then 
spread  over  this  layer,  which  is  then  covered  with  2  inches  of  granite 
screenings,  three-fourths  of  an  inch  in  size,  which  is  sprinkled  and 
rolled  five  times;  finally,  over  this  a  half  inch  of  fine  limestone  screen- 
ings is  evenly  spread  over  the  entire  surface,  sprinkled  and  rolled  at 
least  ten  times. 


106       GETTYSWRO    NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

Some  <>f  thcM-  roads  have  been  in  use  for  ten  years  and  sliow  very 
little  >i«:ii-  of  wear:  in  fact,  they  sire  as  good  as  when  first  completed. 
The  avenge  OO8<  of  these  roads  has  been  about  ~:U  cents  per  square 
vard.  >omething  over  *s,000  a  mile.  With  proper  care  and  mainte- 
nance the\  wilMa-t  indefinitely.  The  guttering  along  these  roads,  now 
being  constructed  under  the  supervision  of  the  chief  engineer  by  day 
labor.  i>  an  improvement  over  that  first  put  down  by  the  contract 
-v-tem:  it  i-  of  excellent  quality  and  .should  endure  for  a  long  time. 

FARMING    LAND. 

Within  the  limits  of  the  park  are  twelve  small  farms.  These  farms 
are  rented  on  a  yearly  lease  to  approved  tenants  under  uniform  leases, 
which  carefully  guard  the  interests  of  the  park  by  including  pro- 
visions which  require  the  improvement  of  the  land.  There  is  also  a 
-mall  frame  building,  leased  to  an  old  soldier,  within  the  limits  of  the 
park.  The  revenue  derived  from  these  leases  amounts  to  £7!M»  per 
annum.  This  money  is.  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
disbursed  for  the  betterment  of  the  park. 

EXTENT   OF   PARK. 

The  Government  now  owns  1,380  acres  of  land  on  the  battlefield. 
Thirty-six  acres  are  now  under  condemnation  proceedings  before  the 
courts.  In  the  opinion  of  the  Commission  there  still  remain  about 
I'.to  acres  of  land  that  should  be  acquired  in  order  to  preserve  the 
integrity  of  the  entire  battlefield.  This  land  is  indicated  on  the  accom- 
panying ma])  as  described  in  the  legend.  In  order  to  connect  the  Held 
where  the  cavalry  action  took  place  during  this  memorable  battle  it  is 
very  desirable  to  acquire  a  strip  of  land  .~><i  feet  wide.  The  road  has 
been  surveyed.  The  proposed  avenue  is  entirely  practicable  sind  can 
be  acquired  for  about  $2,700.  Under  the  present  arrangement  it  is 
nece-siry  for  anyone  desiring  to  visit  the  cavalry  field  to  travel  about  4 
miles  over  bad  roads,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  rarely  Visited  by  the 
numerous  throngs  of  people  who  go  to  the  infantry  field.  By  the  pro- 
po«;cd  route  si  distance  of  about  2A  miles  would  be  saved.  It  is  ear- 
nestly recommended  that  this  project  be  approved.  The  land  to  bo 
acquired  is  mainly  on  that  portion  of  the  field  occupied  by  the  Confed- 
erate army,  on  which  were  stationed  during  the  battle  bodies  of  troops 
and  batteries  of  artillery. 

CONCLUSION. 

I  thoroughly  inspected  the  roads,  avenues,  and  the  park  generally, 
lx)th  on  the  infantry  field  and  on  the  cavalry  field.  The  roads, 
fences,  monuments,  woodlands,  and  shrubbery  are  in  good  condition; 
the  entire  park,  sis  observed,  was  well  policed  and  free  from  rubbish 
and  other  disfiguring  elements.  The  character  of  the  work  done 
and  the  general  conditions  showed  a  very  intelligent  and  thorough 
-ystem  as  to  construction,  care,  and  maintenance.  I  have  nothing  to 
suggest  in  the  way  of  improvements  upon  the  methods  and  systems  of 
the  Commission.  It  appears  to  me  that  they  have  accomplished  a 
great  work,  one  of  the  principal  features  being  the  extreme  care  taken 
to  ascertain  the  positions  held  by  the  various  commands  participating? 


GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL   MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.      107 

in  the  great  battle  fought  there.     There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
positions  thus  far  marked  are  accurate  and  trustworthy. 

An  accurate  topographical  map  of  the  entire  field  has  been  com- 
pleted under  the  direction  of  Colonel  Cope,  the  chief  engineer. 

A  list  of  blank  forms  used  by  the  Commission,  map  of  the  field,  map 
showing  the  land  owned  and  such  land  as  it  is  proposed  to  acquire, 
regulations  for  the  government  of  Gettysburg  Park,  and  specifications 
for  roads,  fences,  and  gun  carriages,  accompany  this  report. 
Very  respectfully, 

E.  A.  G  ARLINGTON, 
Colonel,  Inspector-  General. 
The  ASSISTANT  SECRETARY  OF  WAR, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

O 


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TOWER,   CONFEDERATE   AVENUE,   SECTION  4. 


TOWER   AND   KNAP'S  BATTERY   E,  PENNSYLVANIA   LIGHT  ARTILLERY,  SUMMIT  OF 

GULP'S  HILL. 


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MARKER   ERECTED  WHERE   MAJ.  GEN.   D.   E.  SICKLES  WAS  WOUNDED. 


STATUE  TO  JOHN  BURNS  ON  STONE  AVENUE. 


STATUE  TO  MAJ.  GEN.   H.  W.   SLOCUM,  STEVENS  KNOLL,   LOOKING  WEST. 


STATUE  TO   MAJ.  GEN.   H-  W.  SLOCUM,  STEVENS  KNOLL,   LOOKING   EAST. 


ONE   HUNDRED  AND  FOURTEENTH   PENNSYLVANIA  MARKER,   HANCOCK  AVENUE. 


. 

.">''*&*  "••-' 


TWENTY-EIGHTH   PENNSYLVANIA   INFANTRY  MARKER,   ALONG  ROCK  CREEK. 


NINETEENTH    INDIANA    MONUMENT,    MEREDITH   AVENUE. 


RELIEF  MAP  OF  THE  BATTLEFIELD  OF  GETTYSBURG. 

Size  9  feet  2i  inches  by  12  feet  8  inches.  Surveys  of  field  by  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  engineer; 
S.  A.  Hammond,  H.  W.  Mattern,  E.  M.  Hewitt,  A.  A.  Partner,  assistant  engineers.  Relief 
map  made  by  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  engineer;  J.  C.  Wierman,  assistant.  Scale  200  feet 
to  inch. 


CD 


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